logy — Divinities called Celestial. Ques. What is Mythology? Ans. This word is derived from the Greek, Mythos, a myth or

partaken of by the votaries or consumed as holocausts upon the altar. This mode of worship varied but little in ceremonial,

n man dwelt in a peaceful world, ignorant alike of sorrow and of sin. This was the Golden Age. Avarice and discord were unkn

supposed to dwell? Ans. On the summit of Mount Olympus, in Thessaly. This mountain hides its head, covered with perpetual s

where he saw a statue of Jupiter arrayed in a mantle of wrought gold. This he took possession of, and ordered in its place a

pride, he would of course be pleased to hear it everywhere repeated. This , however, did not prevent Agenor from making ever

Who was Apollo? Ans. He was the son of Jupiter and Latona [Lato′na]. This god was, with his twin-sister Diana, born at Delo

s, an island in which Latona had taken refuge from the anger of Juno. This goddess, jealous of Latona, sent the serpent Pyth

by his name. The punishment inflicted on King Midas was not so cruel. This prince had the bad taste to declare his preferenc

onceal it from his barber, he bound him to silence by great promises. This man, however, found it so painful to keep the sec

das demanded that whatever he should touch might be turned into gold. This prayer was granted, and he was at first overjoyed

the story of Semele? Ans. She was destroyed by the jealousy of Juno. This goddess visited Semele in the shape of an old wom

e, awaking from his slumber, begged the sailors to land him at Naxos. This the captain promised, but when they had set sail,

as cut off, sprang the famous winged horse called Pegasus [Peg′asus]. This wonderful steed flew to Mount Helicon, the reside

Peleus and Thetis, Discordia, or Discord being the only one excluded. This goddess was determined to revenge the slight; she

o the decision of Paris, who was then feeding his sheep on Mount Ida. This prince was the son of Priam, king of Troy. An ora

ff Helen, the beautiful wife of Menelaus [Menela′us], king of Sparta. This gave rise to the total destruction of Troy; and t

etermined to undertake the race, but first, he had recourse to Venus. This goddess gave him three golden apples gathered in

and nurse of Horus and Bubastis [Bu′bastis], their Apollo and Diana. This goddess is generally represented on ancient monum

e shade and invited the presence of “Aura,” or the refreshing breeze. This word was mistaken for the name of a nymph by some

Tithonus [Titho′nus], the son of Laomedon [Laom′edon], king of Troy. This prince was endowed with wonderful beauty; but whe

losed the temple the third time when he had given peace to the world. This occurred just before the coming of our Lord. The

th again, had a lamp attached to their foreheads, to give them light. This , at a distance, would appear like a large, flamin

, flaming eye, and might give rise to the fable of one-eyed monsters. This explanation is, however, far fetched and improbab

ona Dea — Story of the Vestal Claudia. Ques. Who was Cybele? Ans. This goddess, sometimes called by the Greeks, Rhea, an

imals. In her right hand she holds a sceptre, and in her left, a key. This last emblem seems to signify that the earth locks

Jupiter, Astræa descended to earth, and mingled with the human race. This intercourse was uninterrupted during the Golden A

ged her into the constellation Virgo, one of the signs of the zodiac. This constellation is represented by the figure of a w

.” Ques. What do you say of the temple of Nemesis at Rhamnus? Ans. This temple was but a short distance from the plain of

ophy which they intended to erect in honor of their expected victory. This marble fell into the hands of the Athenians, and

as the daughter of Jupiter and Latona, and the twin-sister of Apollo. This goddess had three names. On earth she was called

nge the insult offered to their mother, and humble the haughty Niobe. This they effected by slaying, in one day, all the chi

, wept without ceasing until the pitying gods changed her into stone. This story has furnished the subject of a very beautif

elf famous, by whatever means, set fire to this magnificent building. This event took place on the very day on which Alexand

space of about two hours, crying, “Great is Diana of the Ephesians!” This temple was despoiled by Nero, who removed many co

k. The Hamadryad was born with the tree, flourished and died with it. This belief lingered for a long time amid the German f

ion about water spirits. Ques. What was the story of Arethusa? Ans. This nymph was the daughter of Oceanus, and an attenda

bled him closely in form and feature, and was his constant companion. This sister died young, and Narcissus, deeply lamentin

waters of Avernus, before Charon could carry them to the other side. This superstition made the ancients very careful about

Penates — Lares. Ques. What were the Penates [Pena′tes]? Ans. This name was given to a certain class of household de

ancestors sometimes watched as Lares, over the fortunes of families. This idea of the spirits of the deceased watching over

he Romans wish to bury the dead within, or very near their dwellings. This custom was condemned by the laws of the Twelve Ta

he unfortunate, and it was unlawful to take any one from it by force. This altar is said to have been erected by the kindred

edicated two at Rome; one to Bona Fortuna, the other to Fors Fortuna. This capricious goddess was sometimes represented with

put the giants to flight. Ques. Relate the death of Hercules? Ans. This hero had slain the Centaur Nessus to revenge an i

nd prevented Hope, which was lying at the bottom, from escaping also. This signifies that in the midst of all human miseries

d their crime, and suffered the punishment they had so well deserved. This event was commemorated by a statue of brass which

he prophecy with regard to Jupiter’s offspring, repulsed him harshly. This conduct brought upon Atlas the calamity which he

Juno sent, therefore, a terrible dragon to guard the precious fruit. This monster was the offspring of Typhon, and had a hu

Jupiter, and of Danaë, the only daughter of Acrisius, king of Argos. This prince had been warned by an oracle that his daug

his destruction by engaging him in an expedition against the Gorgons. This adventure has been already related, in the articl

Bellerophon. Ques. Who was Bellerophon [Beller′ophon]? Ans. This hero was the son of Glaucus, and grandson of Sisy

edo Ispida, a species of martin called by the French, martin-pêcheur. This martin, however, makes its nest on shore, lays it

igh moral tone which pervades his works. Ques. Who was Hesiod? Ans. This poet flourished about half a century later than H

all the vices and follies of which the Roman capital was the centre. This career of prosperity and pleasure was brought sud

red among the poets of mythology, rests chiefly on his Metamorphoses. This is a collection of legends of all the transformat

ssandra, one of the daughters of Priam, fell to the lot of Agamemnon. This princess had been endowed by Apollo with the gift

ecuba [Hec′uba] learned soon after the sad fate of her son Polydorus. This young prince, who had been commended by Priam to

ters, who regaled them with their own favorite food, the lotus plant. This was of such a nature, that all who partook of it

was at length cast by the waves upon the island of the nymph Calypso. This goddess entertained Ulysses with much kindness, a

ly during the day, and undoing the greater part of her work at night. This device succeeded for three years, at the end of w

ght of pity, and he slew Clytemnestra and Ægisthus with his own hand. This act, however justified by the guilt of Clytemnest

one, on condition that he would be the bearer of a letter to Greece. This proposal gave rise to a memorable contest of frie

y a herdsman, who brought him to Polybus [Pol′ybus], king of Corinth. This monarch was childless, and adopted the infant as

h, and fled to Argos, where he married the daughter of King Adrastus. This monarch assembled a large army to enforce the cla

ro, and to offer his followers a permanent settlement in the country. This proposal seems not to have been displeasing eithe

s in the wars which awaited him. Æneas next landed at Cumæ, in Italy. This was the abode of a famous Sibyl, of whom we will

classes of departed souls, they entered the happy plains of Elysium. This was the abode of the heroes and other favorites o

ed by a prince named Latinus, the son of Faunus and the nymph Marica. This prince had one child, a daughter named Lavinia. H

therefore, to withdraw his gift or mitigate the severity of her lot. This sibyl had already lived seven hundred years when

ersisted in demanding the same sum of money for those that were left. This extraordinary conduct astonished the monarch, and

They were priests whose office it was to observe and interpret omens. This science was derived from the ancient Etrurians. T

ere supposed to answer those who consulted them, were called oracles. This word was also applied to the responses given. Qu

es. What does Diodorus tell us concerning the oracle at Delphi? Ans. This historian relates that a shepherd, while feeding

esy until she had become intoxicated by the vapor from the sanctuary. This effect was not produced at all times, and on some

of this supposition. Ques. Where was the oracle of Æsculapius? Ans. This god was consulted by the sick in many places, but

ost celebrated oracle was in his native city of Epidaurus in Argolis. This oracle was so famous that in the year 293 B. C.,

us, which was sacred to the Muses, and another near Daphne, in Syria. This last was believed to impart the knowledge of futu

n any of these exercises. The prize itself was a crown of wild olive. This was cut from a tree in the sacred grove of Olympi

brought news of the birth of his son, afterwards Alexander the Great. This passage is sufficient to show what importance was

her sex, and was proclaimed conqueror in the four-horse chariot race. This victory, till then unexampled, was celebrated wit

hich proves that she had not driven the chariot herself at the games. This is a feat which, it is believed, no woman ever at

he nine books which compose the work. Dionysius was not so fortunate. This prince believed himself the most excellent poet o

as reached us. It may serve to give a general idea of these edifices. This theatre stood on the southeastern side of the emi

ve the orchestra, and opposite the lower seats, was the stage itself. This had a very wide front and but little depth. The a

the stage grew deeper, and formed a quadrangle called the proscenium. This was enclosed by lofty buildings of stone-work, re

ave embarrassed the actors, and made them appear stiff and unnatural. This may have been true to a certain extent, but we mu

and the Venus de Medicis. Ques. What was the Olympian Jupiter? Ans. This statue, now lost, was forty feet in height, on a

ory skillfully laid on; but the drapery and ornaments were pure gold. This circumstance is sufficient to account for the des

was enriched by the hand of Phidias with statues and other ornaments. This magnificent temple would have been sufficient in

rom Greece by Lord Elgin. Ques. Describe the Venus de Medicis? Ans. This statue, still perfect, is so called from having b

the Jupiter and Minerva. Ques. Describe the Apollo Belvidere? Ans. This statue is so called from the Belvidere gallery of

ion of majesty and power. Ques. Describe the Diana à la Biche? Ans. This beautiful statue, now at the Louvre, is considere

Baalim, to burn their children with fire for a holocaust to Baalim.” This text shows the extent to which the apostate Hebre

ck Gehenna call’d, the type of Hell.” Ques. Who was Astaroth? Ans. This goddess, called by the Greeks Astarte, represente

actised by her votaries. Thammuz. Ques. Who was Thammuz? Ans. This was another name for Adonis, whose story is of Ea

to his creatures. Ques. What were the doctrines of Zoroaster? Ans. This philosopher was more enlightened than his contemp

l will transmigrate many times before being finally united to Brahma. This belief makes many of the Hindoos afraid to kill a

long time, a fierce and continued persecution was raised against it. This had the effect of suppressing the sect almost ent

en thousand males. Ques. What were the doctrines of Confucius? Ans. This philosopher did not originate any religious creed

rld, in spiritual manifestations, and in the transmigration of souls. This doctrine is called the religion of Tao, or Reason

of Buddha? Ans. In Pou-tou, an island in the Archipelago of Chusan. This temple retains many traces of its former magnific

ut a vague idea of the existence of anything beyond the present life. This indifference is the greatest obstacle with which

s it happen that Christianity should be so severely persecuted? Ans. This arises partly from the political fears of the Chi

imply said to transmigrate. Ques. How is the child discovered? Ans. This is an affair of some difficulty, but the inferior

. Ques. Was this mythology transmitted by oral tradition only? Ans. This must have been the case for a long time; as the o

y thought that the ash tree Ygdrasill, supported the entire universe. This tree had three roots, one of which extended into

st famous and beautiful of these was Valhalla, the residence of Odin. This god is represented as seated on a throne which ov

pal works of the Gnomes were Thor’s hammer, and the ship Skidbladnir. This vessel was so wonderfully wrought, that while it

iants and elves, would be destroyed, together with their habitations. This fearful day will not be without its forerunners.

er) will cause a new heaven and a new earth to rise out of the abyss. This new earth will produce its fruits without labor o

mortality of the soul, and a future state of rewards and punishments. This last doctrine takes with them, as with the Hindoo

arge island, which lies off the coast of Gaul, in the Northern Ocean. This island is inhabited by the Hyperboreans, so named

ich we shall speak later. Ques. Who was Teutates [Teu′tates] ? Ans. This name is thought to be derived from “Tut-tat,” sig

is thought to be derived from “Tut-tat,” signifying “parent of men.” This god was much honored by the Gauls, who attributed

ain an omen, according as the blood should flow more or less rapidly. This ceremony was repeated with other victims until th

fires throughout the country were rekindled from this sacred source. This rite was observed with particular solemnity in Ir

verted by the preaching of St. Columba, the Apostle of the Highlands. This missionary was a native of Ireland, where Christi

is a massive slab of fine sandstone, supposed to have been an altar. This cromlech is surrounded by a trench and an earthen

e air with perfume, and the melody of birds was heard in every grove. This happy state was not destined to last; Quetzalcoat

he priests were further enriched by first fruits and other offerings. This large provision became necessary from the fact th

lly required for their support, should be distributed among the poor. This , and other benevolent provisions, seem very incon

, the Peruvians believed in one Supreme God, immaterial and infinite. This sublime doctrine did not, however, lead to the pr

rever the sacred emblem should sink into the earth of its own accord. This prodigy took place in the valley of Cuzco, where

ient times, and instructed the natives in the arts of civilized life. This legend recalls the Mexican story of Quetzalcoatl,

e ear of the sacred grain. Ques. Describe the temple of Cuzco. Ans. This edifice was constructed of stone, and covered a l

stars, another to thunder and lightning, and a third to the rainbow. This last was decorated with a many-colored arch of re

was the feast of Raymi, held at the period of their summer solstice. This festival lasted many days. The animals offered in

esteemed a very bad omen, the fire was obtained by means of friction. This fire was watched by the Virgins of the Sun. Ques

wrote on the art of public speaking, on philosophy and jurisprudence. This great man, who had saved Rome from the plots of C

Athenians begged that his body might be sent to Athens for interment. This request Archelaûs refused, and Euripides was buri

efused, and Euripides was buried with much pomp at Pella, in Macedon. This poet is inferior to Æschylus and Sophocles, not o

isarius as secretary on his military expeditions. Simonides . This poet excelled particularly in elegiac verse. When

ides was held in high esteem at the court of Hiero, king of Syracuse. This prince having inquired of him concerning the natu

he contemporary of the Pisistratidæ and of Pausanias, king of Sparta. This poet is accused of having become mercenary in his

ways, is to be referred. — See figure 1. Fig. 1. Fatum or Destiny. This idea of Destiny is the most beautiful confession

ed him into a pine tree, which was from that time consecrated to her. This fable of Atys and Sangaris is founded upon Midas,

lights, one common soul Inspires, and feels, and animates the whole. This active mind, infus’d through all the space, Unite

mpts, and Apollo and Neptune were cast out of heaven for the offence. This punishment did not reform Juno. Having perceived

her. Juno set her under the guard of Argus, who had one hundred eyes. This spy of the goddess could not be surprised, becaus

ut the dying lover’s head, And said, ‘I thus devote thee to the dead: This off’ring to th’ infernal gods I bear.’ Thus, whil

th, named Adonis, having tried to please them, they put him to death. This fable is intended to represent unsuccessful attem

This fable is intended to represent unsuccessful attempts at poetry. This pretended death of Adonis, allegorically represen

ion, that she came down every night from heaven to enjoy his company. This fiction, derogatory to Diana, is founded on the t

r infant, and shut it in his thigh, where it remained till its birth. This ridiculous fable afterwards gave Bacchus the surn

, a city near a mountain called Meros, a word, which signifies thigh. This fable has no other origin. Obs. 2. —  Herodotus,

riking a rock with a miraculous rod, opened up a fountain. Obs. 4. —  This parallel is too perfect not to allow us to disbel

s a butterfly. Adonis was son of Cinyras, king of Cyprus, by Myrrha. This nymph was metamorphosed into a tree, which bears

e sea a cradle gave, And earth’s wide regions her with joy receive.” “ This part perform’d, the goddess flies sublime, To vis

his own workmanship, and begged Venus to make it into a living woman. This being done, he had by her Paphos, from whom the i

ace from which persons leaped into the sea to find a remedy for love. This place was, therefore, called “The Lover’s Leap.”

rth, he is said to have stolen the oxen of Admetus, tended by Apollo. This theft being discovered by Battus, Mercury gave hi

, every fountain, every collection of water had its particular deity. This worship varied according to the customs and opini

to all that breathes. The Indians rendered the Ganges divine honours. This superstition still lasts, and the princes who rei

s (as given in charge) That from the turning bottom grows more large; This , when the Numen o’er the ocean sounds, The east a

said to have frightened away the giants in their wars with the gods. This fable may be considered as a corrupted tradition

t those birds. Mariners give to that time the name of “halcyon days.” This singularity produced a fable: Alcyone, wife of Ce

which never could be more, Than to repeat what she had heard before. This change impatient Juno’s anger wrought, Who, when

water without sinking and over the ears of corn without bending them. This allegorically represents the swiftness of the win

bs the struggling winds, And sounding tempests in dark prisons binds. This way and that, th’ impatient captives tend, And, p

curacy, in calculating when and from what points the wind would blow. This knowledge he acquired by closely observing the di

o the good goddess, the mysterious deity, whose name women only knew. This sacrifice, offered for the safety and prosperity

hall not descend to particulars concerning this monstrous generation. This gross account leaves a glimpse of the genuine his

to the goddess, milk, cheese, boiled wine, and cakes made of millet. This custom still lingers in Ireland. Anna Perenna wa

e in the bottom of Spain, and worked at the mines of gold and silver. This work being done under ground, gave rise to the sa

it with a hasty hand Out of the fire, and quench’d the flaming brand; This in an inward closet closely lays, And by preservi

olts, and crushed him under the weight of the whole island of Sicily. This island was also denominated Trinacria because it

them. Hercules killed the guards, and drove the flocks away. Obs. —  This fable inclines us to the belief, that Geryon was

; and they had one eye and one tooth, which served them all by turns. This tooth exceeded in strength the strongest tusks of

crown and his sister Jocasta in marriage to him who could explain it. This was successfully done by Œdipus, who replied, “ H

ss through the temple of Virtue in order to arrive at that of Honour. This was to teach men that they could not attain to tr

sh all hatred and all the asperity which is apt to arise in disputes. This goddess was represented in the form of a woman, c

o every thing to serve a friend, and that she hides nothing from him. This last thought was expressed by one of her hands le

crated to designate men celebrated by their courage and fine actions. This etymology is most generally adopted. This name wa

r courage and fine actions. This etymology is most generally adopted. This name was at first given to the children of the go

after death, the souls of great men inhabited the abodes of the gods. This opinion gave rise to the worship paid to them. Th

d cut their limbs so as to accommodate them to the extent of the bed. This bed of Procrustes is proverbially applied to a cr

m the moon into the forest of Nemæa, ravaged the country near Mycenæ. This place was called Cleone, and this lion, Cleoneus.

to Eurystheus, a hind, whose hoofs were of brass, and horns of gold. This swift hind frequented Mount Mænales, was sacred t

pt for thirty years, and from which the filth had never been removed. This he effected by turning the river Achelous through

ed with a shower of stones, with which he vanquished his adversaries. This is said to have taken place in that division of a

cover his aunt. Paris entered Sparta, the king of which was Menelaus. This prince received him very courteously, and let him

which Paris had inflicted on Menelaus, in return for his hospitality. This war was carried on to the destruction of both par

t dead; and the priests shaved their heads in token of deep mourning. This continued till another ox was discovered, with th

ng Memphis, during which time none but women could appear before him. This ceremony they performed with wanton and indecent

and with his thighs resembling the volumes of two enormous serpents. This tremendous monster was born of the evaporation of

onster, which was produced from the pestilential vapours of the Nile. This river, in overflowing the portion of Egypt which

gnant vapours to preserve coolness and salubrity under a burning sky. This denotes the victory of Horus and his illustrious

the deluge and the ark of safety with certain astronomical opinions. This worship was introduced at Rome. Arimanius, or Ahr

r by an emanation of his glory, and endued it with a power of motion. This motion generated a golden egg, blazing like a tho

s prostrate themselves before it, and are crushed beneath the wheels. This temple is the abode of the chief Indian Bramin. W

e of the universe was a dark and spiritual air, and an eternal chaos. This spirit produced Mot or Mob, that is, the mud or w

ated to the earth, produced winds and clouds, which distributed rain. This rain, attracted by the sun, produced storms; and

ears that the Egyptians themselves had none before the time of Moses. This is indicated by his silence concerning them. It i

le temple, was the first known, and served for a model to all others. This temple, carried by the Israelites in the sight of

. From Egypt and Phœnicia, it passed into Greece, and thence to Rome. This last opinion is founded on the statement of Herod

he hierophant was ever admitted; and the fourth was the under-temple. This last was not in all temples; but all had porticoe

ucting a temple, the soothsayers chose some plat whereon to build it. This piece of ground was purified, and surrounded with

lots and sailors transported from Elephantine to Sais in three years. This temple, or, rather, chapel, was in front twenty-o

ne lesson of humanity. Chapter II. Temple of Belus in Babylon. This temple, among the most ancient dedicated to pagan

deluge. We know in what manner God put a stop to this foolish design. This famous tower, called the Tower of Babel, formed i

who saw that edifice, the stadium was composed of sixty-nine toises. This elevation is better accommodated to the measure w

of the same metal, which had been taken from the temple at Jerusalem. This tower of Belus existed in the time of Xerxes. Thi

He mentions, also, a second statue, eighteen feet high, made of gold. This temple, so astonishing in its construction and in

ne reigned over them. Chapter III. Temple of Diana at Ephesus. This temple, one of the seven wonders of the world, wa

which they spread the skins of sheep, bound with their woolen fleece. This temple was four hundred and twenty-five feet in l

s burnt by Erostratus. Chapter IV. Temple of Jupiter Olympius. This temple and the statue of Jupiter, the latter a ma

of Pisa and their allies, when they took and sacked the city of Pisa. This temple had for its architect, Libon, originally o

gnificence and talents. Chapter V. Temple of Apollo at Delphi. This temple did not equal in its structure that of Jup

, of the brazen room in which Acrisius had shut up his daughter Danæ. This temple was destroyed by an earthquake, it being s

were found a horse’s foot and a piece of a wheel, of the same metal. This discovery makes it probable, that this portico fo

heir credit and eclat, if they had been the result of mere deception? This is a grave question, however sceptical some may b

the same origin; and both owed their establishment to the Egyptians. This historical incident is related as follows: Two do

hat the great Jupiter wished to establish an oracle in their country. This prodigy at first astonished the people; but soon

second priestess, carried away by the Phœnicians, was taken to Libya. This stranger at first surprised the people. Whoever i

Themis; and after her, Phœbe, daughter of Terra and mother to Latona. This last transmitted her rights to her grandson Apoll

f chair, and is said to have received the exhalations without injury. This priestess received the name of Pythia, on account

ipod; but she refused, and alleged that the law deterred her from it. This prince, indignant at being stopped by such an obs

he must pass some days in a chapel, dedicated to Genius and Fortune. This time is employed in purifying himself. He is not

and that her actions and travels were attributed to several persons. This observation of Mr.  Petit does not, however, dest

Deiphobe. She was the daughter of Glaucus, and a priestess of Apollo. This god wished to render her sensible of his regard f

remaining of her but her voice, which destiny would forever preserve. This fable was founded on the longevity which was attr

his oracles in the bottom of a den, placed in the temple of this god. This den had one hundred gates, whence issued so many

viri were not permitted to let any body see them under pain of death. This first collection of Sibylline oracles, perished i

not abandon the worship of idols, and embrace the Christian religion. This third collection bore evident marks of its being,

nd since that time, few fables of the Greeks are recorded in history. This division of time, it may be remarked, comes to us

down from the Tarpeian rock. To avoid deception, they combated naked. This usage was adopted, because Callipatira, after the

Tanais. Mithridates flying thither attracted Pompey into the deserts. This king of Pontus there sought an asylum, and, also,

ng, loaded him with great honours, and adored him even as a divinity. This reception, favoured by the ignorance of the peopl

of Norway. His good fortune and great abilities attended him thither. This kingdom soon obeyed a son of Odin, named Sæmungue

ines, was to raise up enemies against an odious and formidable power. This old grudge long fermented secretly in the minds o

rtain Mimer, who, during his life, had a great reputation for wisdom. This man having had his head cut off, Odin embalmed it

ith him, and made it pronounce the oracles of which he stood in need. This artifice reminds us of the pigeon which carried t

ot confound the fictions of the poets with the creeds of their sages. This religion of the sages taught, that there was a Su

g to different dialects, Odensdag, Ousdag, Wodens-day, and Wednesday. This god was also accounted the inventor of the arts;

was usually held under a large oak, where they administered justice. This oak is represented as the largest of all trees It

ally drew a kind of precious water, with which they watered the tree. This water keeps up the beauty of its leaves, and afte

eligion has granted more than that of the Celts to divine providence. This tenet was for them the key of all the phenomena o

ion, the immortality of the soul, and future rewards and punishments. This idea was general among the Celts; and upon it the

ht was called the night-mother, being that which produced all others. This epoch also marked the beginning of their year, wh

North generally, was computed from one winter solstice to the other. This feast, the most solemn of all, was called Juul, a

ties, that blood appearing too vile, they caused that of man to flow. This barbarous and almost universal usage has been tra

this kind, every tree and leaf of which was looked upon as most holy. This wood, called Odin’s, was filled up with bodies of

palace of his fathers, unless he had sung over him the funeral hymn. This hymn appears to have been the only essential cere

ce of worship among people so widely separated, both by sea and land. This view clearly explains the parallel which has ofte

that of the Druids, which was a tunic falling half way down the legs. This dress designated priesthood, to which women could

buting to the general good, were considered as condemned to oblivion. This illiberal idea sprung out of the warlike genius o

rth a sacrifice of expiation in which they employed fruits and honey. This plant having been thus collected, possessed, they

uel of all their superstitions, was that of immolating human victims. This barbarous usage could not be abolished but by the

emn of all their ceremonies, was that of collecting the oak-misletoe. This parasite plant grows on several other trees; but

nt except in the month of December, and on the sixth day of the moon. This month and the number six were sacred among them.

might be felt by those to whom particles of it should be distributed. This misletoe was consecrated and distributed to the p

their slaves, who watched to anticipate and satisfy all their wants? This cruel maxim, therefore, if it did exist among the

r of all things, and many gods sons of God, ruling together with him. This the Greek says, and the barbarian says, the inhab

tionately offered to you, by your friend, THE AUTHOR. Preface. This book of Education is one of a series of simple an

hat nations have worshipped idols, and why they have worshipped them. This question is answered by the fact, that when men f

up unto thee a prophet from the midst of thy brethren like unto me.” This prophet was our Saviour Jesus Christ, who came in

ews. All other nations believed in a plurality of gods, or many gods. This is Polytheism. The history of the fabulous divini

he Greeks and Romans is that which is now most important to be known. This mythology is introduced into all classical poetry

of Saturn, concealed one of her sons, and had him secretly educated. This son was Jupiter. Neptune and Pluto, two other of

stantly maintaining the sacred fire, which burned in honour of Vesta. This fire was renewed by the rays of the sun yearly, d

re, all public spectacles were forbidden till the crime was punished. This event was the subject of general mourning, and co

nd was supposed to be as well acquainted with the future as the past. This double gift of looking before and after, was noth

were made, and the time was spent in mirth and friendly intercourse. This agreeable mode of spending the New-year’s day has

hat ratifies the will divine; The faithful, fixed, irrevocable, sign; This seals thy suit, and this fulfils thy vows. — He s

e caused the instant death or Semele. To Leda, he appeared as a swan. This lady was the wife of Tyndarus, king of Sparta; sh

ut gentle dog; when he lay down at her feet she sprang upon his back. This was what the wily god desired, and he immediately

and his wife, Alceste, offered herself to die instead of her husband. This act of generous devotion has often been commended

ades, mourned for him and were metamorphosed into poplars by Jupiter. This story is told by Ovid, the Roman poet. Apollo’s m

’s most famous achievement was the destruction of the serpent Python. This serpent was probably only a pestilential disease

to his sandals and to his cap, and in his hand he held the caduceus. This was a wand entwined with two serpents. The caduce

n invented to assist labour, must have required immensely strong men. This is therefore called, from the Cyclops, the Cyclop

golden cup. Once, when Hebe was offering nectar to Jupiter, she fell. This carelessness offended his majesty, and she was de

th closed over the car of Pluto and Proserpine a fountain gushed out. This fountain was called Cyane, and thither the Sicili

rva, the goddess of wisdom, is usually drawn with an owl by her side. This owl is no other than Ascalaphus. When Proserpine

ife if he would spend half the year with her in the infernal regions. This fable has the same meaning with that of Proserpin

The first was that of Ephesus, one of the seven wonders of the world. This was burnt to the ground the very day on which Ale

emple of Diana was that of Taunica Chersonesus, or the modern Crimea. This was in the ancient Scythia, which comprehended pa

be reunited to their departed friends in another state of existence. This prolonged life is called the immortality of the s

to take, and bring alive to Eurystheus, a stag consecrated to Diana. This stag had golden horns, and brazen feet, and was o

. The fourth labour of this hero, was also to take alive a wild boar. This boar ravaged Erymanthus in Arcadia, and Hercules

the stables of Augias, where 3,000 oxen had been confined many years. This was effected by turning a liver through the stabl

n flesh, and haunted the neighbourhood of Lake Stymphalus in Arcadia. This being accomplished, the seventh labour was the ta

as an adversary. Hercules conquered Achelous, and broke off his horn. This horn was picked up by the nymphs, filled with fru

lled with fruits and flowers, and presented to Plenty, as her emblem. This allegory signifies that Hercules checked the inun

head and body of a man, terminated by the body and limbs of a horse. This fable represents the people of Thessaly, who firs

dition, which took place, according to common chronology, B. C. 1243. This expedition was probably the first considerable vo

Argonauts was celebrated with every demonstration of joy in Thessaly. This voyage of the Argonauts was, in fact, an expediti

e wretched Medea, to revenge herself upon him, killed their children. This is a frightful story, but it was made very affect

y heavy, the vigorous Theseus lifted it, and saw beneath it a sword. “ This sword, my son,” said Æthra, addressing herself to

ere too short, by dreadful tortures, he stretched them to its extent. This bed of Procrustes, is now often spoken of to illu

ible monster, called the Sphinx, ravaged the neighbourhood of Thebes. This monster was, perhaps, a robber. The Sphinx had pr

killed himself. Sophocles wrote a tragedy on the death of Antigone. This tragedy was exceedingly admired by the Athenians,

ne built Troy, and that its walls were raised by the music of Apollo. This can only mean that Troy was a maritime city, and

his dominions should be given as a price to the victorious combatant. This rare animal was found in the herd of Paris on Mou

o to Taurica Chersonesus,6 and bring from thence the statue of Diana. This was a difficult undertaking, for the King of Cher

ax swam to a rock, and declared himself safe, in despite of the gods. This impiety offended Neptune, who shook the rock with

wess all the glory gave, The power defrauding who vouchsafed to save. This heard the raging ruler of the main; His spear, in

sses, instantly turning it from the furrow, would not hurt the child. This proved that he was in a sound mind. Being forced

iomed is celebrated in Homer, for what is called his night adventure. This was entering during the night the city of Troy, i

other chosen warrior join. To raise my hopes and second my design.” This other “chosen warrior” was Ulysses. They proceede

a little tract adjacent to Latium, and had established himself there. This prince gave Eneas an interesting account of the f

o be a god, and to worship him as one, is the apotheosis of that man. This folly no longer exists in the world; men are now

dmirably well cut in the solid rock, of which the island is composed. This astonishing cavern, which, as containing an assem

wer, where serpents twining,     Loathsome spit their venomed spray. This song of Vala contains a sort of abstract of the V

e was a circular area, inclosed with one or two rows of large stones. This was their only temple. Close to that was the Crom

ed, and the Philistines seized upon and carried off “the ark of God!” This ark was a chest which contained the holy books of

to genuine history or to poetry, and is of little use to investigate. This religion appears to have been strangely compounde

Osiris. Horus or Orus, was, as well as Osiris, an emblem of the Sun. This deity, the son of Osiris and Isis, was held in gr

the other temples of that age, excepting that of the capitol at Rome. This edifice was, long afterwards, destroyed by order

ster. He prepared a book of doctrines and of regulations for worship. This book is the Zend-Avesta. This reformed religion o

ctrines and of regulations for worship. This book is the Zend-Avesta. This reformed religion of Persia continued in force ti

vices would cease, and that all mankind would become good and happy. This doctrine, and the Persian worship, has been descr

mass of confusion, in which there was no light, nor any living thing. This condition of the elements they called Chaos. The

nd moon. Quet-zal-cot, or Feathered Serpent, was the god of the air. This god was, like the Saturn of the Romans, a great i

as the Ceres of Mexico, the goddess of fertile fields and of harvest. This goddess had a multitude of priests employed in he

olinus, and the Pantheon. The Capitol stood upon the Capitoline hill. This celebrated structure was erected by the King Tarq

ng that the divine mercy would accomplish what human piety had begun. This prayer being concluded, a great company, consisti

r a pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it.” Afterwards, he says, “ This stone which I have set for a pillar, shall be God

eighteen feet in length, and ninety-eight feet, six inches in width. This temple is of white marble, of the Doric order, th

culpture continued round the whole of the frieze beneath the ceiling. This represents the whole of the Panathenaic Festival,

n to bear God in mind, to thank him always for his manifold goodness. This disposition was always cherished by the most virt

the surest means to have all their enterprises crowned with success.” This was practised by all the people as well as by the

n bleeding Greece again Shall call Achilles, she shall call in vain. This swearing by certain objects signifies, as surely

it is God’s throne; nor by the earth, for it is his footstool,” etc. This injunction was given because the oaths were somet

appointed one of this nation to be instructer of his people, Israel. This person was Moses. God, about fourteen centuries b

nturies before Christ, gave to Moses a law for his people to observe. This law is contained in the Pentateuch, or the first

ed for his people the Hebrews, is described in the book of Leviticus. This worship or ceremonial, was not unlike that of the

service of God, instead of attending to the common business of life. This vow was only made for a time. The Nazarite permit

cherubs, on the mercy-seat, a perpetual and vivid light was apparent. This light was called by the Jews, the Shechina, or th

set every Sabbath, twelve cakes of fresh bread called the show-bread. This consecrated bread, according to the law, could on

rought border of pomegranates and litde bells suspended from the hem. This was emblematic — fruit and sound — intimating tha

iece. The statues of Venus and Apollo in Italy are such. 12. Cameo —  This is an Italian word: it signifies a sort of medal,

PREFACE. This new edition of the Mythology of Greece and Italy

Mythology I took possession of a field which lay totally unoccupied. This can hardly be said of any other part of classic l

to nourish or cause to grow, or ἄρδω, to water and thence to nourish. This perfectly unforced etymology accurately accords w

we meet them in the under-world under the care of the same herdsman. This looks very like two different forms of the same l

e actually abounded in a rich and luxuriant system of legendary lore. This is proved by the poems of Homer and Hesiod, which

as being different, even when they were in reality perhaps the same. « This ,» says Buttmann57, «was the case when they found

of Dodona, and in other places of that historian, a similar desire69. This mode of rationalising was carried to a much great

tem of interpretation prevailed at the same time with the historical. This mode of exposition was introduced by the sophists

marriage of Heaven and Earth, and ending with the death of Odysseus. This was named the Epic Cycle, and it continued to be

thys, and that from these sprang Kronos, Rhea, and the other deities. This is apparently, however, an attempt at bringing Ho

ed him in a cavern of Crete, and gave a stone in his stead to Kronos. This stone he afterwards threw up143, and with it the

standing with a flambeau in his hand, and two of his horses near him. This god was styled241, 1. Mortal-delighting ; 2. Mort

o the offspring of the king of heaven and the goddess of the moon258. This last is a pleasing fiction of the lyric poet Alcm

to be the parents of moral beings by Zeus in the new order of things. This is surely not the order one might have anticipate

the rearer of children, whom she has brought to see the light of day. This passage is, however, plainly an interpolation in

, and lofty Pelion filled With his shrill neighings as away he fled. This legend, it is said, first appeared in the poem of

epithet given to Kronos by the elder poets is Crooked-counselled 331. This probably refers to his art in mutilating his sire

n the eyes of those who are long and intimately acquainted with them. This is particularly the case with the beautiful mytho

on nectar which an eagle drew each day with his beak from a rock389. This legend was gradually pragmatised ; Zeus became a

the participle ζάων, living. Ποσειδάων, Ποσειδῶν. Neptunus. This son of Kronos and Rhea became the ruler of the se

together, and they were therefore associated in the popular mind436. This , we may observe, is all merely gratuitous hypothe

azure roads ;” and the Arabs call their camel the ship of the desert. This seems to offer a natural solution of the difficul

, as mines within the earth are the producers of the precious metals. This notion, Voss461 thinks, began to prevail when the

n against the Gorgons, the helm of invisibility covered his brows487. This helmet of Hades will find its parallel in tales b

he guardianship of a peculiar deity, whom they named from it, Hestia. This goddess does not appear in the poem of Homer, tho

golden cloud and fair, And glittering drops of dew fell all around. This is, we think justly, regarded as a sportive adapt

elf the place of the bride, and committed the image to the flames530. This legend was invented to explain the origin of a na

ace : Aphrodite fled to hide her shame in her beloved isle of Cyprus. This tale is an evident interpolation in the part of t

says556 that Harmonia (Order) was the daughter of Ares and Aphrodite. This has evidently all the appearance of a physical my

enter her, expressing her willingness to encounter the anger of Hera. This last goddess, when informed by her messenger, rem

ng to him, ἵε, παî, and he dispatched the monster with his arrows619. This serpent, another version of the legend says, was

taur. To punish the raven, he changed his hue from white to black624. This is probably a legend of some antiquity, for in a

e act of the god, he returned to Delphi at the head of a theoria 638. This mimic flight also represented the servitude of th

ld, to Hades himself, that Apollo was obliged to become a servant640. This hypothesis he thinks is confirmed by the names wh

of their companion gave origin to the stream which bore his name649. This last legend admits of a very simple explanation.

so took the place of Pæeôn, and became the god of the healing art653. This god was a favourite object of Grecian worship, an

-haired, and Gold-haired ; 7. Unshorn-locked ; 8. People-rouser, etc. This god had several epithets apparently connected wit

the doors of the houses, were the images of the god under this name. This practice was peculiar to the Dorians666. Apollo w

g as Selene in the sky, as Artemis on earth, as Persephone in Erebos. This will also give a very simple reason for her being

he shot Oriôn706, succeeding poets fabled that she was born there707. This island was described by Homer as lying in the wes

hus726 blames those who separate these deities from the sun and moon. This however might have been nothing more than the arb

ast of Adonis was celebrated in the Græco-Ægyptic city of Alexandria. This notion of the mourning for Adonis being a testimo

minently Asiatic in character. Ἕρος, Ἕρως. Cupido, Amor. Love. This deity is unnoticed by Homer ; in the Theogony765

crowned by the birth of a child, whom his parents named Pleasure779. This beautiful fiction is perhaps a philosophic allego

plendid fortune, is exposed to perils, and driven out of the palace.” This fanciful exposition will probably not prove satis

llowing one of a modern writer781 may seem to come nearer the truth. “ This fable, it is said, is a representation of the des

idôn for Athens and Trœzên, and, according to one account, for Argos. This goddess is represented with a serious thoughtful

te celestial heat and its principal agent on vegetation, the moon806. This idea was not unknown to the ancients ; Athena is

flocks and herds, saying that the herdsmen prayed to him and Hecate. This poet also ascribes to him the only act injurious

question of Phœbos-Apollo called forth the laughter of the Olympians. This god is usually represented with a chlamys or cloa

the air, distributing corn to the different regions of the earth889. This last circumstance betrays the late age of the fic

-craving hunger Erysichthôn, who impiously cut down her sacred grove. This infliction gave occasion for the exercise of the

d thus obtain the means of living after all his property was gone891. This last legend, we may observe, admits of a very sim

statue in it was clad in black, with the head and mane of a horse900. This last legend has nothing perhaps very peculiar in

able) ; but he does not speak of their spinning the destinies of men. This office of theirs is however noticed both in the I

violation of our sacred rights by those most bound to respect them.” This perfectly accords with the origin of the Erinnyes

OS, NEMESIS, FORTUNE, PERSONIFICATIONS. Θέμις. Themis. Law. This goddess appears in the Ilias1031 among the inhabi

hed by Heracles, is forced to resign his victim. Μωμος. Momus. This god of raillery and ridicule does not appear to h

as might be expected, makes some use of him. Νέμεσις. Nemesis. This goddess is in the Theogony a daughter of Night105

as chiefly viewed as the punisher of pride, insolence, and arrogance. This is her usual character in the dramatists. At Smyr

siac casting away some of its wildest and most extravagant practices. This hypothesis rests on no stable evidence ; and it h

uage but what accurately correspond to their situation and character. This consideration alone, when well weighed, may suffi

ne came to Greece, from a land which does not produce that plant1107. This last is the absurd hypothesis which we have seen

the Tritôn, was appointed to keep guard against the assaults of Rhea. This delicious isle, which was precipitous on all side

always appeared of an inferior rank to those with whom he was joined. This critic accounts on the same principle for the ver

ly purified, — of which laws Dracôn is said to have been the author ? This religion was also confirmed by Solôn ; who, in ca

own ; the one being calm and cheerful, the other wild and orgiastic. This religion was that of Κυβέλη. Κυβήβη. Rhea. Ops.

bes, for which reason Memphis might very well be the Thebes of Homer. This poet had no knowledge of the true site of Thebes.

s afterwards removed to Memphis by Amasis to serve as his guards1160. This monarch appointed the town named Naucratis, which

EITIES : — PAN, SATYRS, SILENOS, PRIAPOS, NYMPHS. Πάν. Pan. This god is unnoticed by Homer and Hesiod, but accordi

worship – merely the god of gardens, but of fruitfulness in general. “ This god,” says Pausanias1213, “is honoured elsewhere

e to Rhœcos as he was playing at draughts, and he made a rough reply. This so incensed the Nymph that she deprived him of si

lear proof that his own abode was not confined to the coast of Egypt. This part of the Odyssey has been beautifully imitated

e was heard evermore to lament his fate in not being able to die1270. This last circumstance refers to the common pragmatic

of Hesiod, every writer of antiquity places them somewhere in Libya. This however is not to be wondered at, for it is only

(πλώτη νῆσος) of Æolos Hippotades 1354, ‘dear to the immortal gods.’ This island was entirely surrounded by a wall of brass

westwards, till they came to the isle of Ææa1361, the abode of Circe. This isle may be regarded as the most westerly of thos

the daughter of Æætes by Hecate, the daughter of his brother Perses. This pragmatiser goes on to say that she was married t

m which his hero had just returned, lay within the realms of day1372. This may very possibly be the truth ; but we cannot he

every region of the earth, for this is the race who still possess it. This race, says Hesiod, will never cease day or night

eling1445, gives the following view of the mythe of the races of man. This mythe is an oriental one, derived from the same s

degree : the iron are menaced with utter destruction like the brazen. This critic is further of opinion that in the original

s, to get every advantage they could in their dealings with the gods. This is intimated in the transaction respecting the fi

e of Hope, who thus remained with man, his chief support and comfort. This fable of Pandora is certainly not capable of bein

ls, but that he shut up Hope, and kept the vessel with her in it1493. This then became the current idea, and we see how even

men ; and from this circumstance came the Greek name for people 1494. This narrative, it may easily be seen, is of a very na

placing the tribes which previously occupied the more southern parts. This flood, we may observe, did not extend to the Pelo

re devoted to the arts of peace and eminently skilled in agriculture. This people are generally called the Pelasgians or Pel

d in the dominion over Iolcos, which he had founded, by his son Æsôn. This prince married Alcimede daughter of Phylacos, or,

mes fixed him with brazen bands to an ever-revolving fiery wheel1579. This mythe is probably of great antiquity, as the cust

of Eleians, or Epeians as they were named, having migrated to Ætolia. This last however may be only a late fiction, to give

ns ; the latter to the northern part, and Orchomenos and the Minyans. This last cycle is closely connected with that of the

(ύηδών). Zethos is also said to have fallen by the arrows of Apollo. This legend is thus noticed in the Odyssey1672 : As w

l things1675. The mythe of Niobe also is capable of a physical sense. This goddess 1676, whose name denotes Youth or Newness

e dignified nature than these, which seem trifling and insignificant. This story affords convincing proof of the great liber

aken out, and by this means from time to time purloined the treasure. This amazed Hyrieus ; for his locks and seals were unt

k imposed by Eurystheus was to bring him the skin of the Nemean lion. This animal was the progeny of Typhôn1738 and Echidna,

to come out on the land, and kill the cattle and ravage the country. This hydra had a huge body with nine heads, eight of t

Iolaos. The third task was to fetch the horned hind alive to Mycenæ. This hind haunted Œnœ, had golden horns, and was sacre

posed by Eurystheus was to bring him the Erymanthian boar also alive. This animal frequented Mount Erymanthos, and thence la

m with his arrows1747. His seventh task was to fetch the Cretan bull. This animal had been sent up by Poseidôn when Minôs ha

k he was enjoined to bring to Mycenæ the mares of Diomedes of Thrace. This was a son of Ares and Cyrene, and king of the Bis

polyta queen of the Amazons1748, who dwelt about the river Thermodôn. This nation was composed of women, who were renowned f

belt of Ares, as a token of her exceeding all the Amazons in valour. This girdle Eurystheus coveted for his daughter Admeta

ya he went to Egypt, where Busiris, another son of Poseidôn, reigned. This king, in consequence of an oracle, offered up str

, as appears to us, fanciful view of it taken by a modern critic1784. This mythe is, according to him, one of extreme antiqu

ind, or rather in its original form to that of the hero's own nation. This perfection, according to the ideas of the heroic

st and most rare of all in the heroic age, — the conquest over death. This is represented by his descent into the under-worl

ncement, one entire and consistent fiction, framed with a moral view. This we regard as contrary to the mythic analogy, whic

quite unsuitable to a hero of the Dorians anterior to the Migration. This however may be obviated by supposing the name of

nstitutions, and taught them to cultivate corn for their subsistence. This remarkable event is placed, on the authority of t

me saying that Procne, others that Philomela was the nightingale1807. This last, which has the signification of the name in

was changed into a hawk1809, and that Itys became a wood-pigeon1810. This fable seems to be one of considerable antiquity.

in his astonishment and confusion threw his dart and killed her1817. This legend also is told with great variations. It was

d, and it was taken by the treachery of Scylla the daughter of Nisos. This prince had a golden or purple lock of hair growin

ôps Geræstos the four daughters of Hyacinthos, who had settled there. This bloody deed was of no avail ; and the oracle decl

ven maids to be sent every ninth year to be devoured by the Minotaur. This hard condition was for some time complied with. A

to Epidauros, where dwelt a man named Periphates, a son of Hephæstos. This ferocious savage always went armed with an iron c

of his guest, to insist on the guest’s washing the feet of the host. This ceremony was performed on the pass ; and while th

, Theseus married Phædra the daughter of Minôs and sister of Ariadne. This princess was seized with a violent affection for

n the effort falls suddenly back into the depths of earthly weakness. This is expressed in the fine picture of the Odyssey,

phontes we have only one of the forms of Poseidôn, namely as Hippios. This god is his father1884 ; and he is also the sire o

ticed, it is added, that Io has the same signification in Coptic1905. This hypothesis appears to us to be more ingenious tha

Pallas-Athene aids the hero and enables him to achieve the adventure. This goddess was one of the most ancient deities of Ar

f the under-world will take Danae, that is cover the land with gloom. This is prevented by Perseus’ freeing the goddess from

and the clear fructifying springs represented by Pegasos gush forth. This explanation is ingenious but deficient in simplic

out of their hands, and placed her as a constellation in the sky1985. This fable is narrated with great difference in the ci

and Callisto, it seems to follow that the bear was sacred to Artemis. This is strongly confirmed by the fact that at Braurôn

In the Odyssey2005 these are expressly called the sons of Tyndareos. This however does not prove that Helena was held to be

picion of their being personifications of natural powers and objects. This is confirmed by the names in the mythe, all of wh

er of his brother Pheres, by whom he had two sons, Bias and Melampûs. This last lived in the country. Before his house stood

n quite out of the house, when the roof fell in and killed the woman. This coming to the ears of Iphiclos, he inquired, and

always menacing to descend and crush him deprives him of all joy2053. This poet does not mention the place of his punishment

edge of it, and for his falsehood the mountain was thrown on him2055. This last trifling legend is, as we may easily see, on

as a prince rich in flocks and herds who ruled by a legitimate title. This certainly does not contradict the notion of his b

y of words relating to water and the land by marshes and streams2075. This last theory is supported by the horsemanship of P

would let them see the Sun and the Pleiades moving from west to east. This miracle Zeus performed in his favour, and he thus

gaged in it, he was fallen on and slain by Thyestes and Ægisthos2082. This is the most horrible legend in the Grecian mythol

priestess was always a virgin, who held her office till she married. This priesthood was once filled by a beautiful virgin

m of the priest, and he slew himself instead of the beautiful victim. This last and decisive proof of true affection quite v

husbands. Hypsipyle alone saved her father, whom she kept concealed. This event had occurred about a twelvemonth before. Th

to direct them on condition of their delivering him from the Harpies. This they undertook to do. The table was spread : the

so early, their produce may have given its golden hue to the fleece. This however is no essential part of the mythe, as it

the Corinthian poet Eumelos, who did not flourish till after Ol. 20. This became the prevalent opinion, and the establishme

a daughter Cleopatra, and three sons Ilos, Assaracos, and Ganymedes. This last was for his beauty carried off to Olympos by

ing day he found the Zeus-fallen Palladion lying before his tent2196. This image of Pallas-Athene, we are told, was three el

of Argos had led a host thither and taken and plundered a large city. This may have been at first a simple tradition ; it ma

and Grecian history appears to us emerging from a kind of fairy-land. This is in our eyes a beautiful prospect. No one can b

race which originally possessed Greece and a portion of Lesser Asia. This is perhaps the best principle on which the great

llumo Tellus, Lupercus Luperca, Volumnus Volumna, Vitellius Vitellia. This principle probably ran through the whole of the a

he feminine to Jovis was Jovino, which was contracted by use to Juno. This name therefore must have originally signified sim

supposed, come from venio, but its origin is very doubtful. 1. This explanation of Millin’s cannot be correct. Welcke

vius in loc. 23. Malcolm’s History of Persia, i. 41. 8vo edit. 24. This phraseology is still employed in the south of Eur

sitively that there is no mythe without a meaning. Myth. der Jap. 50. This may be true, but the meaning is often a very trif

the old notions. 61. Müller, Proleg. 66, 99. Welcker, Tril. 89. 62. This is the theory of Voss. We share the doubts of Lob

y referred to by Sextus Empiricus and the Fathers of the Church. 71. This name is borrowed from the Fount of the Sun (κρήνη

heaven and its inhabitants, so different from the Paradise of Dante. This last, however, cannot be fairly placed in compari

. xv. 187. seq. 160. Sch. Apoll. Rh. iv. 983. Tzetz. Lyc. 761. 869. This however seems to be a very late fiction. 161. Th

ίων. See Passow s. v. Völcker, Hom. Geog. 26. 195. Isth. v. 1. 196. This is adopted by Völcker, ut sup., and Müller, Prole

us, 95-101. 201. Athen. xi. 470. b Id. l. c. 202. Id. l. c. This grove Müller (Dorians, i. 536.) thinks was in the

s non suo, fulgore luceat.» 249. See Voss, Mythol. Briefe, ii. 7. 8. This able critic makes two most extraordinary mistakes

ar positions,» or «because she thence, as from a fount, draws light.» This , by the way, strongly resembles Milton’s Hither

.), who says, alluding to her name, that she came down ‘like a star.’ This was probably the more ancient version, but it was

Hygin. 53. Serv. on Æn. iii. 73.), whence the isle was named Ortygia. This identification of Delos and Ortygia was, however,

Hes. Fr. 54. 404. Il. viii. 247 ; xii. 200. seq. Od. ii. 146. 405. This word is derived from ἀΐσσω to excite ; but as it

3. Others gave him one hundred heads. Horace, Carm. ii. 13, 34. 476. This is probably founded on the passage in the Odyssey

e tribes of South America, are similar. See Völcker, H. G. 142. 485. This notion scems almost peculiar to the Odyssey ; the

Frag. of Chrysippos. 536. De Rer. Nat. i. 251. seq. ; ii. 991. seq. This poet nearly translates the preceding lines of Eur

590. II. iv. 2. (Heyne in loc.) 591. II. v. 722. 592. II. v. 905. This , however, was not a servile office ; the daughter

see Anton. Lib. 35. Virgil also seems to allude to it, Geor. i. 378. This is surely one of those legends which are mere spo

626. Pyth. iii. 14. seq. 627. Apollod. i. l. 7. Sch. Il. ix. 557. This is alluded to, we may perceive, in the Ilias, and

eq. Lucian, D. D. 14. De Salt. 45. 634. See Müller, Dorians, i. 373. This critic gives strong reasons for supposing the Hya

µβρϵως read ῞ϒβρϵως ; others for Πανὸς read πατρὸς. See Heyne in loc. This critic seems justly disposed to read µαθὼνπαρὰ το

. vii. 296.), the sea-god Glaucos was the instructor of Apollo. 647. This legend is only to be found in Ovid (Met. xi. 153.

to be some foundation for it. A naturalist of the present day says, « This species of swan deserves the title Musicus ; for

esponses ; but Artemis, who never gave oracles, was named Loxo. 664. This word is connected with λϵυκςὸ, white, and with th

Paus. ix. 27. 2. 770. Ap. Plut. Amator. 20. Nonnus, xxxi. 110. 111. This strange poet had a little before (xxix. 334.) cal

would read μυîαν ; we however prefer μικρἁν, which Göttling proposes. This critic points out the similarity between this fic

. 833. Il. xxiv. 333. 834. Od. x. 277. et seq. 835. Od. xiv. 435. This verse however is manifestly spurious. 836. Theog

Caduceus-um is a Latin corruption of κηρύκϵιον, the herald’s staff. This was an olive-staff twined with fillets (στέμματα)

ped at Coroneia under the title of ἐπιμήλιο (Paus. ix. 31, 3.). 858. This is the only point of similarity between the Greci

. vii. 186. 1041. See above, p. 146. 1042. Il. viii. 398 ; xi. 185. This is the only line in Homer which makes against Vos

180. Luc. D. D. 22. Et. Mag. v. Ἰάμβη. 1181. Ovid, Met. i. 690. seq. This legend does not occur elsewhere. 1182. Nonnus, x

. 1236. αἳ ῥ’ οὔτϵ ϴνητ[ATTcararactere]ς οὔτ’ ᾀϴανάτοιοιν ἓπονται. This passage is very obscure, but we think the above i

4. Ovid, Met. xv. 52. 707. 1328. Ἀλλοθρόους άνθρώπους. Od. ut supra. This may only denote a different pronunciation. See Ni

1338. See above, p. 46. 1339. Strabo, i. 2. Völcker, H. G. 110. seq. This critic places the Cyclopes and the other fabulous

r. Epinic. 5. Æsch. Prom. 351-372. 1352. Apoll. Rh. ii. 1215. 1353. This change of form was related by Pindar. See Porph.

]σος is always joined with them. 1362. Od. x. 135. 1363. Od. i. 52. This term is applied in the Ilias to the serpent, the

Aristarchus suspected the first six lines. 1426. Od. iv. 564. 1427. This is also the opinion of Nitzsch. Erklär. Anmerk. z

n the Bœotians, who conquered and expelled the Cadmeians from Thebes. This event is a mere conjecture, and it would rather s

eg. 103. 1529. Iles. Fr. 23. Eurip. Fr. Æolos, 23. Apollod. i. 7, 3. This last writer names several other children of Æolos

us also alludes to it, Choëph. 600. seq. 1623. Apollod. iii. 1, 1. This genealogy is given somewhat differently by Pherec

Earth. See above, p. 159. 1625. Apollod. iii. 4. Pherecydes ut sup. This writer says that Ares gave the teeth to Cadmos, a

th a shower of stones, with which he pelted and overcame his enemies. This was when he was on his way to the Hesperides (Str

, Italos (Vitulus) being an ox in the language of the country. 1757. This is a mythic origin of the shallows in the Strymôn

183. See Milton, P. R. iv. 564. 1760. Аνταȋος (Opponent, from ἀντὶ). This legend was perhaps invented after the Greeks had

. Il. viii. 867. Perseus was similarly aided by these deities. 1766. This is founded on Od. xi. 633. 1767. For an effect o

at this event was celebrated in the Thebaïs of the Epic Cycle. 1821. This is a mere coincidence of name. 1822. Od. xi. 321

on among the sophists respecting its identity. Plut. Thes. 23. 1846. This is evidently founded on the lines of Homer, Il. x

nd. Welcker, Nach. zur Tril. 309. 1916. Apollod. ut sup. Hygin. 169. This last writer also says that Amymone fell asleep, a

Eurip. ut sup. Hygin. 168. Serv. Æn. x. 497. 1918. Apollod. ut sup. This is a very obscure legend. 1919. In Plato's Laws

f Turnus. 1937. See p. 253. 1938. Hesiod, Shield, 230. seq. 1939. This is probably the Æthiopia mentioned by Menelaos (O

2110. Apollod. iii. 12, 6. 2111. Hesiod ap. Sch. Pind. Nem. iii. 21. This legend is very pleasingly told by Ovid (Met. vii.

ht Bormos, the Phrygians Lityorses, with dirges, in a similar manner. This usage of the Bithynians was adopted into their my

2160. Pherecydes ap. Sch. Apoll. Rh. iv. 223. 2161. Id. ib. 2162. This event was afterwards transferred to the north sid

nvented for the sake of uniformity. 2190. See above, p. 177. 2191. This name does not occur in Homer. 2192. See II. ii.

omer. 2202. Ἀπὸ τoῦ ἀλέξϵιν τoῦs ἄνδραs. 2203. Apollod. iii. 12. 5. This history of Paris is unknown to Homer. It is the l

ατι χρησάμϵνos λϵίη τϵ θαλάσσῃ. See Müller de Cyclo, p. 87. 2208. This name does not occur in Homer. 2209. In the Ilias

is women’s wares, which at once attracted the attention of Achilleus. This narrative, which is directly contrary to that of

n ancient Grecian legend of Iphigeneia. See Müller, Dor. i. 397. seq. This writer thinks that Lemnos was the original mythic

ght through the trees was not the lustre of the god himself going by. This is mere poetry to us, and very fine it is; but to

hem down an abyss, into which the light of day could never penetrate. This tyranny, however, only ripened the spirit of rebe

Laman Blanchard. Insérer image anonyme_heathen-mythology_1842_img012 This fable is easy of explanation. Time is the child o

as he is, having no influence over the elements. Cybele, Vesta. This goddess was the daughter of Uranus, being the sis

only a piece of stone, meant to represent the stability of the earth. This great Goddess saw and became enamoured of a sheph

hroes within, As Jove rules you when hell grows mutinous.” Shelley. This provoked the vengeance of Jupiter, and he ordered

, and declared it should be the future wife of the ruler of the Gods. This induced Juno to quit her hiding place; for, unabl

dens of Pluto, to pluck a pomegranate, and to eat a few of its seeds. This was sufficient; and the utmost Ceres could obtain

y ask, and sure ’tis hard From Nature’s common rights to be debarred. This , as the genial sun, and vital air, Should flow al

ad a better claim to altars and sacrifices than the mother of Apollo. This insolence provoked Latona, and she entreated her

t to him that he might the more effectually give vent to his passion. This lyre, was formed of the shell of a tortoise, and

possessions, the Muses and Apollo had a winged horse, named Pegasus. This courser, born of the blood of Medusa, fixed his r

moured of Phaeton, entrusted him with the care of one of her temples. This distinguished favour of the Goddess rendered him

is heard at the breaking of the string of a harp when it is wound up. This was effected by the rays of the sun when they fel

f youth. Apollo made known his oracles through the medium of a sibyl. This was a female, named also a Pythoness, on account

d found it in their nets, sought the oracle to consult its responses. This was to offer it to the wisest man in Greece. They

the temple; where, as we have seen, it served the sibyl for a seat. ‌ This story shows us at a glance, the principles and th

etestation of the crime, her divine mistress changed her into a bear. This however was before “The veiled Dian lost her lon

burned by Erostratus, the same day that Alexander the Great was born. This madman had no other end, than to render his name

ut of their guidance, Silenus became his preceptor and foster-father. This god, who is generally represented as fat and joll

with mad voluptuousness; the fourth is beating a kind of tambourine. “ This was indeed a monstrous superstition, even in Gree

ve her in marriage to Vulcan, the most ugly and deformed of the Gods. This ‌marriage did not prevent the goddess of love fro

at partiality for Adonis, induced her to abandon her seat in Olympus. This mortal, who was fond of the chase, was often caut

lebrated girdle, called zone by the Greeks, and cestus by the Latins. This mysterious girdle which gave beauty, grace, and e

which are lovely beyond imagination, is natural, unaffected and easy. This perhaps is the finest personification of Venus, t

it was through her he fell from heaven, he attributed his deformity. This was a throne of gold, with secret springs, on whi

overy which ‌created an ecstacy among the scandal-mongers of Olympus. This was no less than an improper liason between Mars,

at her powers were superior to those of Minerva, goddess of the art. ‌ This wounded Minerva’s jealous pride, which was increa

ncil drew the neat design, Pallas, her mistress, shone in every line. This the proud maid, with scornful air denies, And e’e

goddess turned her eyes away, Nor durst such bold impurity survey.” This violation of the sanctity of her temple provoked

turn, the portion of the kingdom allotted to him was that of the sea. This , however, did not seem equivalent to the empire o

hion and Orpheus. Insérer image anonyme_heathen-mythology_1842_img100 This famous lyric poet and musician, having gone into

ith which the God of poetry used to drive the flocks of King Admetus. This celebrated instrument was a rod entwined at one e

n they call, Pan, for his song delights the breast of all.” Horace. This god of the shepherds chiefly resided in Arcadia,

hee replying! Strange sweet Echo, even like thee replying.” Hemans. This god, so adored and loved in the country, had the

Temple at Delphi, were seized with a sudden panic and took to flight. This terror was attributed to Pan, and they believed a

ised From the grass at her foot, but I saw, as I gazed Her hate —” ‌ This hate Lycus soon experienced; as the spell desired

him from the Trojan war, by concealing him in the court of Lycomedes. This , however, was useless, as he went with the rest o

lve feet, with six different heads, each bearing three rows of teeth. This sudden metamorphose so alarmed her, that she thre

nding bay there lies, Sheltered from seas, and shaded from the skies; This station Scylla chose; a soft retreat From chillin

, Goddess of Justice and of Vengeance, was the daughter of Necessity. This divinity had wings, a fillet of serpents round he

r libations to him, before commencing a nocturnal revel. Hymen. This child of Venus and Bacchus presided over marriage

ll cried, ‘We’re cheated; ‘See these flowers, they’re drooping sadly, This gold-knot, too, ties but badly’ —         ‘Who’ll

nuptials they had met to celebrate, they resolved to carry them off. This violence provoked the bridegrooms: a combat ensue

in turn six months in the infernal regions, and six months on earth. This fraternal affection Jupiter rewarded by turning t

which wrestling matches always formed an important part. Jason. This celebrated hero was the son of Alcemede, by Æson;

ensue, among his gazing foes The fragment of a massy rock he throws, This charm in civil war engaged them all, By mutual wo

, his feeble arms to raise; Environed by so many swords; ‘From whence This barbarous usage? what is my offence? What fatal f

r whom Medea was divorced, that he might follow his amour in comfort. This infidelity was severely avenged by Medea, who aft

et her whole body on fire, and she died in the most painful torments. This deed was followed by one still more revolting to

ave decrepid Æson brought, And stupifies him with a sleeping draught; This done, th’ enchantress, with her locks unbound Abo

tion,     Perish when thy victims bleed” Euripides. Hercules. This celebrated hero was, after his death, as a reward

. Friends, from their friends, no stain of guilt contract. Hercules. This hath my thanks, indeed, I thought thee good. The

Hercules. From whence I came, to death’s dark realms I go. Theseus. This is the language of a vulgar spirit. Hercules. Th

ht, That guards the gate of Pluto; — the command Of stern Eurystheus. This last bloody deed, (Wretch that I am!) the murder

abours to be imposed upon him, he would be admitted amongst the gods. This answer determined him to bear with fortitude what

of Hercules was to destroy the Lernæan hydra, which had seven heads. This celebrated ‌monster he attacked with his arrows,

with a hot iron, the root of the head which he had crushed to pieces. This succeeded, and Hercules became victorious, opened

mous for its incredible swiftness, its golden horns, and brazen feet. This celebrated animal frequented the neighbourhood of

f his labours, was to bring upon earth the three-headed dog Cerberus. This was cheerfully undertaken by Hercules, and he des

memory, upon the spot where the burning pile had been. Perseus. This hero was the son of Jupiter and Danae, the daught

orgot to fly, And swift descended, fluttering, from on high.” Ovid. This princess had been promised in marriage to Phineus

dromeda, and plunging his dagger in his right shoulder, destroyed it. This happy event was attended with great rejoicings, a

lack a crime conceive? Are these the thanks that you to Perseus give? This the reward that to his worth you pay, Whose timel

the barbarous act of throwing his daughter and her son into the sea. This unfortunate murder preyed upon the spirit of Pers

he desert, And heartless left thee on the Naiad’s shore To languish. This is he who dared to roam The world infernal, and o

Barry Cornwall. Insérer image anonyme_heathen-mythology_1842_img197 This hero, one of the most celebrated of antiquity, wa

ed with him.     Alvine. Ah! now I know your tale: he proved untrue — This ever has been woman’s fate, to love, To know one

his happiness was made perfect by an union, at which Hymen presided. This happiness, however, was not destined to last very

rife, be ours the forfeiture. Let us ourselves, to a conclusion bring This unjust waste of blood, within your presence, And

he bosom of Eteocles. He falls — upon his brother spouts his blood!” This unnatural combat was brief, though fierce, Eteocl

man who would run on foot as fast as he could proceed in his chariot. This difficulty was overcome by Pelops, who bribed the

nterview by recalling all the ancient grievances of the two kingdoms. This unjust conduct gave birth to a terrible war; Agam

holding (as before) My hand; but yours burns not, as then it burned. This alone shews me we are with the blest, Nor subject

lion, and Achilles, son of Thetis, considered Eachus as his ancestor. This young hero had been hidden by his frightened moth

n to him. At this moment a Greek named Sinon was brought before them. This perfidious man said that his brothers in arms, ir

arrived in the isle of Æolia, where reigned Æolus, king of the winds. This monarch treated him with much kindness, and to as

Honour, it was necessary to pass through that of Virtue. Peace. This daughter of Jupiter and Themis, wears a crown of

atues and pictures; with an enormous quantity of natural curiosities. This temple was however consumed in the reign of Commo

ry. Styx, daughter of Ocean and Thetis, was the mother of Victory. This deity attended at the conquests of all countries

al company, the apple, with the inscription, “To the most beautiful.” This apple was the origin of the Trojan war, and of in

frightened her, that she fled away, dropping her veil in her flight. This the lioness smeared with blood, and then disappea

ess Phaon:’ then the form Passed not, but seemed to melt in air away: This was the Lesbian Sappho.” Barry Cornwall. The Le

oman, and wert left despairing!” Mrs. Norton. Numa Pompilius. This hero was born on the very day that Romulus laid t

ing in their sanctuaries for upwards of one hundred and thirty years. This wise monarch, aware that superstition is one of t

most starry canopy, and seating Thyself by thine adorer, what befel? This cave was surely shaped out for the greeting Of an

with a blow of his fist, and to crown the feat, afterwards eat it up. This man was one of the disciples of Pythagoras, whose

ons. Brahma! Insérer image anonyme_heathen-mythology_1842_img268 This deity, according to the Hindoos, is the Eternal,

white cinder, a terrible symbol of his implacable rage. Buddh. This is the being from whom the enormous number of fol

e disinterested. 9. To forgive injuries. 10. Not to be superstitious. This religion, all peace and all love, prescribes gent

ossom of a heating quality, are allegories equally new and beautiful. This deity is adored in India, under a great number of

plexion. Tlaloc was their second, and Tezcallipuca their third deity. This last was considered the god of repentance: and it

o crown and complete the work so well begun, created Uranus (Heaven). This version of the creation of the world, although bu

down into a dark abyss called Tartarus, and there chained them fast. This chasm was situated far under the earth; and Uranu

y him with thunderbolts, —-weapons which only they knew how to forge. This new engine caused great terror and dismay in the

; neither were there any laws to restrict men, nor judges to punish.” This time of bliss has justly borne the title of the G

ling about for many days, was stranded on the top of Mount Parnassus. This version was far less popular with the Greeks, alt

gods as long as life and strength endured, and finally die together. This most reasonable wish was immediately granted; and

which she would surely be able to prove the truth of her assertions. This insolent speech so incensed Minerva, that she cas

d king’s death, some one should be found willing to die in his stead. This divine decree was reported to Alcestis, Admetus’

Pytheus (the Slayer), by which appellation he was frequently invoked. This annihilation of Python is, of course, nothing but

adorn, And, after poets, be by victors worn.” Ovid ( Dryden’s tr.). This story of Apollo and Daphne was an illustration of

er turn, loved him passionately, and even wrote verses in his honour. This being the state of her feelings, she readily cons

ws of the sea,     Hung their heads, and then lay by.” Shakespeare. This talent waxed greater as the years passed by, and

outy oak began to move,     And flounder into hornpipes.” Tennyson. This musician, a son of Jupiter and Antiope, had a twi

let him loose to drag her over briars and stones until she perished. This punishment inflicted upon Dirce is the subject of

nfamous liar, I swear I will grant you whate’er you desire!’” Saxe. This oath was the most solemn any god could utter, and

thematical instruments, indicative of her love of the exact sciences. This glorious sisterhood was wont to assemble on Mount

adiant way, And orient pearls from every shrub depend.” Somerville. This dainty goddess loved and married Tithonus, Prince

, for, though changed, Niobe still felt, and wept for her great loss. This story is an allegory, in which Niobe, the mother,

ine bunches Floated the glowing sunlights, as she moved.” Tennyson. This hasty and somewhat primitive toilet completed, Ve

god of the forge, the most ill-favoured of all the heavenly council. This compulsory union was anything but a happy one; fo

surmountable obstacles appeared in their path. Hero and Leander This was the case with a lovely maiden by the name of

having quarrelled, they were forbidden to see or speak to each other. This decree wrung their tender hearts; and their conti

re and whole of heart until she met Narcissus, hunting in the forest. This frivolous girl no sooner beheld the youth, than s

goddess of the plains, and spent some blissful hours in her society. This divine couple’s happiness culminated when they fi

bore, Sweet Maia, on Cyllene’s hoary top.” Virgil ( Cowper’s tr.). This infant god was quite unlike mortal children, as w

ange for the two missing, gave Apollo the lyre he had just fashioned. This , like most other myths, admits of a natural expla

rrelling snakes, who immediately wound themselves in amity around it. This so pleased him, that he bade them remain there fo

k grew, Fluttering his feathers stain’d with various hue.” Moschus. This story also is an allegory. Io personifies the moo

arted with him regretfully when he was given to Copreus, Pelops’ son. This marvellous horse passed successively into Hercule

p With beauteous ankles, Amphitrite glides.” Hesiod ( Elton’s tr.). This conduct grieved Neptune so sorely, that he sent a

e loved the maiden too, and would not tamely yield her up to a rival. This was quite equivalent to a challenge; and Idas, st

would grow old when she did, and love her as long as they both lived. This choice was approved by Jupiter; and the lovers, a

s, for all precious metals are buried deep in the bosom of the earth. This god inspired all men with a great fear. They neve

des you go a down-hill, easy way; But to return and re-enjoy the day, This is a work, a labour!” Virgil. To prevent all mo

he spectators shouted with one accord: “’Tis the murderer of Ibycus!” This was true, and the two murderers forthwith confess

, Toss it on high, and whirl it to the skies.” Homer ( Pope’s tr.). This singular punishment inflicted upon Tantalus gave

apid course, And imitate inimitable force!” Virgil ( Dryden’s tr.). This insolent parody so incensed Jupiter that he grasp

is proved by the story of Erisichthon. The Story of Erisichthon This man was evidently a freethinker, and, to show his

the goddess’s sacred fire, originally kindled by the rays of the sun. This fire — an emblem of the flame of life, which the

cients fancied one reached a large cave in a remote and quiet valley. This cave was the dwelling of Somnus (or Hupnos), god

is generally known as the Tower of the Winds, or the Temple of Æolus. This temple is hexagonal, and on each side a flying fi

bull, which rushed wildly all over the island, causing great damage. This animal Hercules, with his usual strength and skil

s side.” Sappho ( W. H. Appleton’s tr.). The Hesperian Apples This commission sadly perplexed Hercules, for he did n

must so soon resume, and bear for centuries, perhaps, without relief. This thought oppressed him. Freedom was so sweet that

To drag the triple-headed dog to light.” Euripides ( Potter’s tr.). This command, like all the others, was speedily obeyed

Brass. Sir E. Burne-Jones. By Permission of Mr. Frederick Hollyer. This first successful visit was frequently repeated, a

should dare force his mother as long as he were there to defend her. This boast did not at all allay the monarch’s wrath; a

iful if they but once beheld Medusa, could have prompted this denial. This presumptuous remark so incensed Minerva, that, to

fair limbs, a lovely maiden was chained fast to an overhanging rock. This maiden was the princess Andromeda. To atone for t

bearing so terrified the robber, that he offered him a free passage. This offer, however, did not satisfy Theseus, who said

him, and he eagerly stretched out his arms to clasp him to his heart. This sudden movement upset the goblet, and the poisono

e philosophers monopolised before.)” Saxe. Dædalus and Icarus This labyrinth was so very intricate, that those who e

arrangement with the artist. All rights reserved. The Minotaur This terrible story kindled Theseus’ love of adventure

hero, and built a magnificent temple on the Acropolis in his honour. This building, now used as a museum, contains many rel

rongs inflicted by Pelias, the usurper, upon his unfortunate parents. This tale aroused the young prince’s anger, and made h

here, awaiting a hand bold enough to slay the dragon and bear it off. This tale and his liberal potations greatly excited th

nd make use of them to plough a stony piece of ground sacred to Mars. This done, he must sow the field with some dragon’s te

ollux, and by the fair Atalanta, daughter of Iasius, King of Arcadia. This princess had led a very adventurous life, for whe

on, came one day to Atalanta and expressed a desire to race with her. This youth had previously obtained Venus’ protection,

hed his assailant lifeless at his feet. Œdipus slays his Father This affray attracted the attention of the master and

alks erect, and in old age supports his tottering steps with a staff. This reply, evidently as correct as unexpected, was re

nt too late to prevent its being carried out, and found her lifeless. This sight was more than the poor monarch could bear,

ce of time, each brother thus exercising the royal authority in turn. This arrangement seemed satisfactory to Eteocles; but

blood which fell into the foam of the sea from Medusa’s severed head. This horse, as white as snow, and gifted with immortal

ictorious, and the monster lay lifeless upon the blood-soaked ground. This mighty deed of valour accomplished, Bellerophon r

ecreed In wrath) fell headlong from the fields of air.” Wordsworth. This fall, which would doubtless have killed any one b

a few of whose most noted works are still extant in various museums. This story, like many others, is merely a sun myth, in

as told by the ancients of a mortal who was changed into a Hamadryad. This young girl, whose name was Dryope, was a beautifu

his breast, and groaned aloud And cried, ‘Be pitiful! forgive me yet This once, and I shall never need it more!’ ‘Alas!’ th

him and delight, But from that eve he was alone on earth.” Lowell. This modern rendering of the story is more spiritual t

ragon-fly had fled away,         Ere he brought it out of the river. This is the way, laughed the great god Pan          (L

he fair Peleian banquet-hall.” Tennyson. The Apple of Discord This omission angered her, and made her determine to h

forgotten when Venus, in her magic cestus, appeared before the judge. This artful simplicity was the result of much thought,

Of war, of evil war, the quickening seed.” Coluthus ( Elton’s tr.). This act of partiality, of course, called down upon hi

guished himself, and attracted the attention of his sister Cassandra. This princess was noted for her beauty, and it is said

wife should any one venture to kidnap her.                          “ This was cause To Tyndarus her father of much doubt, T

Ulysses turned his ill-assorted team aside to avoid harming his heir. This action sufficed to prove to Palamedes that the ki

re also the Trojans’ attempts to force the foe to leave their shores. This memorable struggle is the theme of many poems. Th

s he had received by sending down upon the Greeks all manner of evil. This prayer was no sooner heard than answered, by the

st Shall frame a solemn covenant of peace.’” Homer ( Bryant’s tr.). This proposal having been received favourably, Menelau

d an arrow at Menelaus, who was vainly seeking his vanished opponent. This act of treachery was the signal for a general cal

, since it hath pleased The gods that he should fall; and now receive This sumptuous armour, forged by Vulcan’s hand, Beauti

the poisoned arrows of Hercules, then in the keeping of Philoctetes. This hero had started with the expedition, but had bee

soon came to a great cave filled with rich stores of milk and cheese. This was the abode of Polyphemus, son of Neptune, the

e him seek the Cimmerian shores, and there consult the seer Tiresias. This land, which lay on the confines of Pluto’s dark r

bears Away in each grim mouth a living man.” Homer ( Bryant’s tr.). This self-same Scylla, once a lovely maiden, had won t

Their galley in the midst of the black sea!” Homer ( Bryant’s tr.). This promise he immediately fulfilled by drowning all

nd through these twelve rings An arrow, him I follow hence, and leave This beautiful abode of my young years, With all its p

untry and king, alas! are names: Could Troy be saved by hands of men, This hand had saved her then, e’en then. The gods of h

Tiber, where a beautiful young bride would comfort him for her loss. This speech ended, Creusa’s ghost vanished, and Æneas

enewed For ages, rule a world subdued.’” Virgil ( Conington’s tr.). This obscure command left them uncertain what course t

n. By Permission of the Berlin Photographic Co., 133 New Bond St., W. This advice was duly followed by Æneas, who, while rou

ft behind when they escaped from the rage of Polyphemus, the Cyclops. This giant now came down to the shore, and was regarde

Or toss them weltering o’er the surge.’” Virgil ( Conington’s tr.). This request was immediately granted. The vessels, tos

the inhabitants to sell her as much land as an ox-hide would enclose. This seemingly modest request was immediately granted;

Oh, save from death Troy’s dying name!’” Virgil ( Conington’s tr.). This prayer was instantly answered by a sudden severe

down from Olympus, and with her own hand flung wide the brazen doors. This unexpected apparition kindled a general ardour; n

id of Evander, king of the Tuscans, the hereditary foe of the Latins. This monarch, too old to lead his troops in person, ne

who was therefore spoken of as supporting the weight of the heavens. This mode of interpretation was carried to such an ext

oncedes the same privilege and power to sun, moon, and stars, &c. This school further prove that all pre-Christian relig

ssions, fancying them influenced by the same things, in the same way. This tendency to personify or animate everything is un

is derived from the Sanskrit root var (“to veil, conceal, or cover”). This god was therefore a personification of the heaven

e she lingers in a thicket (a place where the dew’ lingers longest).” This interpretation has been further confirmed by phil

his exalted seat by a thunderbolt launched by the hand of Jupiter. “ This story arose from phrases with spoke of drought as

roved akin “to the Greek axon, the Latin axis, and the English axle.” This whirling wheel of fire is the bright orb of day,

( “the pale light which springs up opposite the sun at his setting”). This story — which at first was merely intended to sig

; Achilles’ armour brought by, 290, 291; Achilles instructed by, 292 This ′be. Babylonian maiden loved by Pyramus, 94, 95 T

d with the society of my sisters, I should be grateful to you for it” This request was very reasonable. Cupid could not refu

cted all over it, and over the beautiful grounds that belonged to it. This abode was more elegant than any place they had ev

to the country till she came to a rustic temple that stood on a hill. This temple overlooked all the country, and a beautifu

short time she obtained the lock of wool, and presented it to Venus. This did not satisfy her persecutor; she next commande

her portion into the lap of Proserpine, who was to distribute them. “ This rose,” said she, “I will give to Maria, it resemb

e,” said she, “I will give to Maria, it resembles her blushing cheek. This violet, blue as the eye of Minerva, or your own,

sweet and modest as thou art, I give to thee,” said she to Licinia. “ This lily is fair, like Cyane; take it, it will become

other. It is a change of form or shape, as that of a woman to a tree. This change is sometimes called a metamorphosis. In th

d by asking the wise, and by thinking carefully about what one hears. This carrying off of Proserpine is called the Rape of

r me under the sea, when I fled from him, and emerged here in Sicily. This fountain bears my name; it flows beneath the bed

boy of Becubo was made to wait till the stranger-guest was satisfied. This little boy was hungry also, and somewhat impatien

pleasure. His mother exclaimed, “Be silent, boy; are you not ashamed. This poor woman is weary, and almost famished. Surely

no harm is intended you. I must quit you now, but I will soon return. This woman will give you whatever you want. I love you

mela into a nightingale. Conversation: Ann and her Mother Ann. This story would be agreeable enough if it were not fo

, and covered them over with old garments, as a couch for the guests. This done, she took out the supper table; one leg was

d an oak and a linden tree planted in honour of their memories. Ann. This story reminds me of some I have read in the Bible

ree: and I will fetch a morsel of bread, and comfort ye your hearts.” This may be found in the 18th chapter of Genesis. Mot

se. At this sight, sleep fled, and Aglauria started from her pillow. “ This dream,” she cried, “is false, or I will make it s

ore music. He tried the experiment, and it produced very sweet tones. This instrument was called the lyre, and was a favouri

have, often afflict themselves with longing for what they cannot get. This was the punishment the gods inflicted on the sill

yers to the gods; therefore Cadmus built an altar, and slew a victim. This was the heifer which had been his guide. Water wa

ave of any person, they dipped their vessels into it and filled them. This fountain was consecrated to the god Mars; that me

, who did not know him, but at sight of him set up a violent barking. This roused the rest of the pack, and all, rushing fro

d as trumpets, upon this occasion, and increase the turbulence. Ann. This is much like the procession of Bacchus, but there

pleased, into a shower of gold, that he might enter Danæ’s apartment This only means, that some man who loved Danæ, paid, o

. As soon as Acrisius heard of the birth of his grandson, he thought. This is the boy who will kill me; but I will take care

stone. Perseus proposed to cut off the head of Medusa for Polydectes. This would be a great achievement, and his courage wou

. Cepheus, in this calamity, resorted to the oracle of Jupiter Ammon. This oracle was in Lybia, nine days journey from Alexa

armed man, followed by a numerous train, drew every body’s attention. This intruder was Phineus, to whom the parents of Andr

jured. They said the Muses were selfish, and the nymphs were partial. This was arrogant and false; and we deemed it right to

as afterward called Python. Conversation: Mother and Ann. Ann. This is a short story; nothing more than that Apollo k

one another. You have seen the objects you speak of at the same time. This thinking of things together is the association of

head, and all the surrounding people shouted and praised the victors. This sort of praise is called glory. Too much love of

n the book you have been reading. Belvidere signifies beautiful view. This famous statue stands in an apartment of the Vatic

antalus who was sentenced to perpetual hunger and thirst in Tartarus. This princess was married to Amphion, king of Thebes.

orship. In Thebes dwelt Manto, the daughter of Tiresias, the prophet. This prophetess used to go out into the streets and ex

traordinary longevity of geese is a well known fact. 7. Dryden. 8. This sort of attendance at public processions, upon fe

cribed whatever they saw and heard in the countries where they lived. This key which has unlocked almost all the secrets of

ansported, without suffering death, to enjoy an immortality of bliss. This happy region was also called the “Fortunate Field

seize his power, buried them in Tartarus directly after their birth. This displeased Gæa, their mother, who thereupon promp

d Helios drives his flame-darting chariot along the accustomed track. This chariot, which is of burnished gold, is drawn by

 Boreas* (north), Zephyrus* (west), Eurus* (east), and Notus (south). This is a mythological way of intimating the fact that

be placed before her statues, which the poor would then come and eat. This was called the “Supper of Hecate,” and the offeri

orever of the supreme power, which now became vested in his son Zeus. This war was called the Titanomachia*. The whole myth

Ops, the wife of Saturn. She was called Magna Mater, also Dindymene*. This latter title she acquired from three high mountai

gnized in all three kingdoms. Earth and Olympus were common property. This new order of things was by no means securely esta

as undoubtedly the temple erected by Tarquin* on the Capitol at Rome. This , after being nearly destroyed by fire in the time

ed Epaphus*. He afterwards became king of Egypt, and built Memphis. “ This myth has received many embellishments, for the wa

to offer cakes before it, and afterwards to replace it in the temple. This was in commemoration of the theft of the Tyrrheni

or of Poseidon, the Greeks maintained the Isthmian Games, or Isthmia. This festival was celebrated on the isthmus of Corinth

mal of Poseidon was the horse, which he was supposed to have created. This may, perhaps, be due to the fact that the imagina

lly deprived each of them of his share in the terrestrial existence. “ This conception was subsequently supplanted by one of

ary, accompanied with a solemn expiation or purification of the city. This expiation was called “februatio,” whence the name

ence to the test by setting before them the flesh of his son Pelops*. This crime he was condemned to expiate by the torments

ny, but returns again in autumn to the regions of darkness and death. This legend grew out of the phrases which had at first

ttraction and repulsion, arises the order or harmony of the universe. This deity was regarded with a much greater degree of

Campania and Sicily. Aphrodite was said to be the wife of Hephæstus. This was probably intended to convey the idea that tru

presented as the daughter of Zeus and Dione, the goddess of moisture. This account was replaced by another, that she was bor

s beneficent power to have reduced to harmony the shapeless elements. This beautiful conception gradually faded away, and he

aithfully in battle, and to stand by one another in the hour of need. This deity was termed by the Romans Amor, or Cupid, bu

xpression. He has golden wings, and a quiver slung over his shoulder. This contained his magical and unerring arrows. In one

g out destruction to men and animals by means of his unerring arrows. This may easily be explained. The rays of the sun do i

could not hide the secret from his barber, whom he bound to secrecy. This man found it so painful to keep the secret to him

fore the image of the goddess on the occasion of her annual festival. This is the same Artemis to whom Agamemnon was about t

s likewise had a goddess whom they propitiated with human sacrifices. This caused her to be confounded with Artemis Orthia,

was accepted. Apollo also gave Hermes the Caduceus*, or golden wand. This wand was surmounted by wings. Wishing to prove th

e of his unlovely and unjust spirit, Momus was banished from Olympus. This god was represented as holding a small figure in

ne, and incense, and his statue was adorned with fresh laurel boughs. This offering was repeated on the first day of every m

composed of the leaves of the tree sacred to the deity they invoked. This practice of wearing crowns was, at a later period

e box incautiously and the blessings all escaped, Hope only excepted. This story seems more consistent than the former. “Th

d great strength, and took pleasure in nothing but battle and strife. This race perished by each other’s hands. The Iron rac

flicted by the Sphinx,13 which had been sent by Hera to torment them. This monster had the face of a woman, the body of a li

ted in a miraculous manner, — the ground opened and he disappeared. “ This legend has localized a number of phrases which de

upon Heracles was to bring alive to Eurystheus the Erymanthian boar. This animal inhabited the mountain district of Erymant

ebrated adventure with Hesione*, daughter of Laomedon*, king of Troy. This king had refused Poseidon and Apollo the rewards

of Heracles was to capture the cattle belonging to the giant Geryon*. This monster had three bodies united at the waist, thr

es, which grew on a tree presented by Gæa to Hera on her wedding-day. This tree was guarded by four maidens called Hesperide

into his hands, he hurled him from a high tower into the plain below. This treacherous action was explained by the story tha

s secured to him the admiration and gratitude of his fellow-citizens. This was the slaying of the Minotaur*, a monster half

e, who saw him falling, changed him into a bird called the partridge. This bird always avoids high places. Dædalus fled w

d not proceeded far on their course, when they heard a fearful crash. This was caused by the meeting of two immense rocks ca

yer recommended that he should be exposed on the mountain, to perish. This was accordingly done; but the servant who had lef

y, and commanded that his own bed should be brought from his chamber. This bed had been made by Odysseus himself from an ohv

d him. The Trojans re-embarked, and at last landed at Cumæ, in Italy. This was the abode of a famous Sibyl, whom Helenus had

seek in the adjoining forest for a tree on which grew a golden bough. This branch was to be borne as a gift to Proserpine. A

e many others connected with the sun, had his own specific character. This complex sun-god was imagined to float through the

ead, and on the third the entire form, endowed with beauty and power. This new being was a god, from whom and his wife, a da

a strange flickering light, which flashed up over the northern skies. This light was called by men the Aurora Borealis*. Ra

destruction a new heaven and a new earth will rise out of the abyss. This new earth will produce its fruits without labor o

have meant, “the life of everything,” or “the source of all beings.” This name probably had affinity with the Phœnician Baa

the district — which had all been extinguished — might be relighted. This custom of kindling fires on Hallow-eve lingered i

owledge of future events, and with perpetual remembrance of the past. This the ancients wished to express by representing hi

stantly maintaining the sacred fire, which burned in honour of Vesta. This fire was renewed by the rays of the sun, yearly,

re, all public spectacles were forbidden till the crime was expiated. This event was the subject of general mourning, and co

e placed the Hours and Graces. What were her attributes and worship? This goddess presided over empires and riches, and her

of a pomegranate, which was perceived and discovered} by Ascalaphus. This so irritated Ceres that she threw some of the wat

rora to obtain a reversion of this fatal gift, and permission to die. This beautiful allegory is intended to paint, in strik

requently in verse, disjointed sentences, which contained the oracle. This was a contrivance of the priests; either by intox

The first was that of Ephesus, one of the seven wonders of the world. This was burnt to the ground the very day on which Ale

preachers. The second temple of celebrity was in Taurica Chersonesus. This was infamous for human victims being therein sacr

o death, entreated the God to deprive him of the dangerous influence. This was effected by his washing in the river Pactolus

her famous statue, made of gold and ivory, by the celebrated Phidias. This temple, the ruins of which still remain; to charm

An image of Pallas, which was supposed to have fallen from the skies. This was preserved, with great vigilance, in the citad

ain, And curb the tempest, or to loose the rein. Who was Demogorgon? This allegorical Divinity was the genius of the earth.

drank of the waters of Lethe, which made them forget all past events. This idea was derived likewise from the Egyptians, and

d, that a person once placed in it, could not find his way out again. This was called the labyrinth. Hence the proverb, to b

in the ship Argo, from Greece to Colchis, to fetch the golden fleece. This was an expedition undertaken to recover some trea

ome treasures, which had been carried thither from their own country. This enterprise, and the dangers attending it, were hi

the belly of a goat, the tail of a serpent, and vomiting forth fire. This fiction was occasioned by a lambent flame of some

ttracted also a proportionate degree of their admiration and worship. This species of idolatry began, as the sacred records

inform us, soon after the Deluge, being known in the time of Abraham. This was naturally accompanied by a belief in Astrolog

dmirably well cut in the solid rock, of which the island is composed. This astonishing cavern, which, as containing an assem

themselves on the ground, to be crushed beneath the ponderous wheels. This is the residence of the chief Brahmin of all Indi

anquished and slain, or inclosed in an ark, and exposed to the waves. This ark was said to have drifted on the coast of Phen

ir, obscure the face of the sun, and frequently suffocate travellers. This circumstance was described by the death of Osīris

s, and preserve to Egypt coolness and salubrity, under a burning sky. This is the victory of Horus over Typhon, and his illu

the other temples of that age, excepting that of the capitol at Rome. This edifice was, long afterwards, destroyed by order

e Christians and then thrown into a fire kindled in the amphitheatre. This image was of the human form, bearing a basket on

magined, by the Egyptians, to be derived into all animated creatures. This vital ether, or principle of life, was called Amm

, Hecate, Erinnys, the punisher of guilt, the mistress of the furies. This goddess was supposed to inflict various diseases

night and darkness. Her sacred animal was the Mygale, or shrew-mouse. This animal was reverenced by the Egyptians, on accoun

er, to whom was committed the charge of producing a universal deluge. This personage is spoken of as a star, or a sun, and a

of the ancient Germans, Gauls, and Britons, and other Celtic nations. This , like almost all the other systems of Paganism, i

mission to their decrees was interdicted by them from the sacrifices. This interdiction was a most severe punishment, since

e was a circular area, inclosed with one or two rows of large stones. This was the temple. Close to that were the Carnedde,

ack by the angel Gabriel, to Abraham, when he was building the Caaba. This stone is set in silver, and fixed in the south-ea

statue of Belus, made of solid gold, and a throne of the same metal. This image, supposed to be the great Pul, or Belus, wh

ugh, mingled din, that thunders round. Pitt’s Virgil. 7. Alecto. This said, to earth th’ impetuous goddess flies Inflam

” half as many. Through “Paradise Lost” they are scattered profusely. This is one reason why we often hear persons by no mea

ansported without tasting of death, to enjoy an immortality of bliss. This happy region was also called the “Fortunate Field

box incautiously, and the blessings all escaped, hope only excepted. This story seems more probable than the former; for ho

a vulture preyed on his liver, which was renewed as fast as devoured. This state of torment might have been brought to an en

usband, grant me this last request; do not marry that odious Breeze!” This disclosed the whole mystery: but alas! what advan

ite, and in short they are now frogs, and dwell in the slimy pool.”   This story explains the allusion in one of Milton’s so

hat earth or sea contains most precious — ask it and fear no refusal. This only I pray you not to urge. It is not honor, but

he deity of the oracle, and tied it up in its place with a fast knot. This was the celebrated Gordian knot, which, in after

They forbade it to be slain; and spoke in these words: “We are gods. This inhospitable village shall pay the penalty of its

ge to your daughter. I can tell you of her fate, for I have seen her. This is not my native country; I came hither from Elis

o offered her, and had sucked the sweet pulp from a few of the seeds. This was enough to prevent her complete release; but a

r eldest brother,     But just flown up, tells with a smile of bliss, This prank of Pluto to his charmed mother,     Who tur

s, who, running from a base pursuer, had been changed into this form. This they learned from the country people when it was

d vision stood,” — and she looked to find the mark of his footsteps. “ This it was, this that my presaging mind foreboded, wh

ill not struggle, I will not be separated from thee, unhappy husband. This time, at least, I will keep thee company. In deat

and led streams of water by them, that the thirsty roots might drink. This occupation was her pursuit, her passion; and she

ehead with laurel, — you have conquered! I die; stony heart, rejoice! This at least I can do to gratify you and force you to

ten hung garlands, and putting his head into the noose, he murmured, ‘ This garland at least will please you, cruel girl!’ an

ople sang her praises, and strewed her way with chaplets and flowers. This perversion of homage due only to the immortal pow

the mountain. He is a monster whom neither gods nor men can resist.” This dreadful decree of the oracle filled all the peop

I would rather you would love me as an equal than adore me as a god.” This reasoning somewhat quieted Psyche for a time, and

essly out of the weary reapers’ hands in the sultry hours of the day. This unseemly confusion the pious Psyche put an end to

g odors and crowned with roses. Seeing the task done, she exclaimed, “ This is no work of yours, wicked one, but his, whom to

ce the letters of the alphabet which were invented by the Phœnicians. This is alluded to by Byron, where, addressing the mod

They will follow you to the war, young in years and bold in heart.”   This description of the plague is copied by Ovid from

ly. You shall still have the last word, but no power to speak first.” This nymph saw Narcissus, a beautiful youth, as he pur

e, and a dreadful conflict arose in which several of them were slain. This is the celebrated battle of the Lapithæ and Centa

her golden prizes, not worth the trouble it had cost to procure it.   This is one of those mythological tales, says a late w

ture outside the town. His next labor was the slaughter of the Hydra. This monster ravaged the country of Argos, and dwelt i

the country of Argos, and dwelt in a swamp near the well of Amymone. This well had been discovered by Amymone when the coun

called because it lay at the west, under the rays of the setting sun. This description is thought to apply to Spain, of whic

im to Epidaurus, where dwelt a man named Periphetes, a son of Vulcan. This ferocious savage always went armed with a club of

of the tribute which they were forced to pay to Minos, king of Crete. This tribute consisted of seven youths and seven maide

which Theseus overcame them was fought in the very midst of the city. This battle was one of the favorite subjects of the an

tival of Panathenæa, in honor of Minerva, the patron deity of Athens. This festival differed from the other Grecian games ch

ate by changing him into a bird called after his name, the Partridge. This bird does not build his nest in the trees, nor ta

st of gain! When they proceeded to put him on board I resisted them. ‘ This ship shall not be profaned by such impiety,’ said

us when he was playing at draughts and he carelessly brushed it away. This so incensed the nymph that she deprived him of si

to him who should come for her in a chariot drawn by lions and boars. This task Admetus performed by the assistance of his d

iage, and aided him with an army to enforce his claim to the kingdom. This led to the celebrated expedition of the “Seven ag

phyle the collar of Harmonia, and thereby gained her to his interest. This collar or necklace was a present which Vulcan had

e worked at the robe, but in the night she undid the work of the day. This is the famous Penelope’s web, which is used as a

ind that he now understood the language of birds and creeping things. This knowledge enabled him to foretell future events,

hen I will bid farewell to life, and yield uncomplaining to my fate.” This prayer, like the others, would have been unheeded

is reward from the munificence of those whose exploits he celebrated. This employment was not derogatory, but closely resemb

lent his aid to bring in other reluctant chiefs, especially Achilles. This hero was the son of that Thetis at whose marriage

s Paris bethought him of one whom in his prosperity he had forgotten. This was the nymph Œnone, whom he had married when a y

s took possession of it they would assuredly triumph over the Greeks. This language turned the tide of the people’s feelings

s efforts and strangle him and the children in their poisonous folds. This event was regarded as a clear indication of the d

d object, and prepared to introduce with due solemnity into the city. This was done with songs and triumphal acclamations, a

g the whirling spindle as they walk.                        * * * * * This was of old, in no inglorious days, The mode of sp

s sister Electra, and soon after slew both Ægisthus and Clytemnestra. This revolting act, the slaughter of a mother by her s

tra’s poet had the power To save the Athenian walls from ruin bare.” This alludes to the story that when, on one occasion,

or that event to have a general washing of the clothes of the family. This was no slight affair, for the fountains were at s

alarm, and reminding them that the Phæacians had no enemies to fear. This man, she told them, was an unhappy wanderer, whom

the adventures which had befallen him since his departure from Troy. This narrative raised the sympathy and admiration of t

ucted him to seek in the forest a tree on which grew a golden branch. This branch was to be plucked off and borne as a gift

ted took the form of the most excellent part, fire, and became flame. This material was scattered like seed among the heaven

and soul has lasted is the impurity contracted by the spiritual part. This impurity must be purged away after death, which i

are made into brute animals, lions, tigers, cats, dogs, monkeys, etc. This is what the ancients called Metempsychosis, or th

ern Ocean. From these sprang the legend of the happy island Atlantis. This blissful region may have been wholly imaginary, b

and grains in my hand.’ Unluckily I forgot to ask for enduring youth. This also he would have granted, could I have accepted

rings ceased they should be pressed by hunger to devour their tables. This portent now came true; for as they took their sca

lect number of her own sex, and ranged herself on the side of Turnus. This maiden had never accustomed her fingers to the di

ions of the Supreme, and there is a fourth emanation, the human soul. This is immortal, and when freed from the fetters of t

ficiently purified, it returns to the source from which it proceeded. This doctrine of the transmigration of souls, (metemps

e creation, meaning by it the just adaptation of parts to each other. This is the idea which Dryden expresses in the beginni

s Song for St. Cecilia’s Day: — “From harmony, from heavenly harmony This everlasting frame began; From harmony to harmony

is plans. Still more imbittered, he now resolved to kill his brother. This he did in the following manner: Having organized

rew into a mighty tree, enclosing in its trunk the coffin of the god. This tree with its sacred deposit was shortly after fe

h her wand she caused it to split open and give up the sacred coffin. This she seized and returned with it, and concealed it

found thirteen pieces, the fishes of the Nile having eaten the other. This she replaced by an imitation of sycamore wood, an

hey approached a certain long deep cleft in the side of the mountain. This was owing to a peculiar vapor arising out of the

en out; and by this means, from time to time, purloined the treasure. This amazed Hyrieus, for his locks and seals were unto

these preliminaries, he descended into the cave by a narrow passage. This place could be entered only in the night. The per

Olympus to the centre shook.”31 The Minerva of the Parthenon. This was also the work of Phidias. It stood in the Par

ve doubted whether the Homeric poems are the work of any single mind. This arises from the difficulty of believing that poem

d have been handed down from age to age by means of the memory alone. This is answered by the statement that there was a pro

le, to Egyptian Thebes he flies.” The Cockatrice, or Basilisk. This animal was called the king of the serpents. In co

on the third the entire form endowed with beauty, agility, and power. This new being was a god, from whom and his wife, a da

nto the court or field and fight until they cut each other in pieces. This is their pastime; but when meal time comes they r

e most beautiful of all women, for his wife, but he lost his sword.   This story, entitled Skirnir For, and the one immediat

ne of his feet lifted up, seeing which Thor made no further attempt. “ This trial has turned out,” said Utgard-Loki, “just as

ch had been beforehand scrupulously extinguished, might be relighted. This usage of kindling fires on Hallow-eve lingered in

stance of the people to his sway, persecuted them with great cruelty. This tradition has furnished the poet Gray with the su

, 99, 241. Zetes, 241. Zethus, 263. Zeus, 15. Zoroas’ter, 423. 1. This inconsistency arises from considering the Saturn

erhaps some species of iris, or perhaps of larkspur, or of pansy. 8. This correct description of the rainbow is literally t

Addison, led to the quarrel which ensued between Addison and Pope. “ This said, his kingly brow the sire inclined; The larg

study of language, especially when treated in a philosophical manner. This school maintains that the myths had their origin

hich contained the germs of the Turanian, Aryan, and Semitic tongues. This age is termed the Rhematic period, and was succee

at Epidaurus, where, every five years, games were held in his honor. This god is variously represented, but the most famous

which frankincense was thrown to overpower the smell of burning fat. This probably was the origin of the custom of burning

wine to hunt a wild boar which killed him, and the wine was untasted. This was the origin of the proverb — “There’s many a s

called Serapis, the greatest god of the Egyptians. Apol′lo [Apollo]. This famous god, some time King of Arcadia, was the so

d. She was as virtuous as she was beautiful. Ar′gonauts [Argonauts]. This name was given to the fifty heroes who sailed to

e names of Venus, given to her by Spartan women. Ar′temis [Artemis]. This was the Grecian name of Diana, and the festivals

neglecting to keep his promise, Hercules slew him. Au′gury [Augury]. This was a means adopted by the Romans of forming a ju

ne of the Argonauts. The personification of sharp-sightedness. Lyre. This musical instrument is constantly associated with

Apollo, to show his contempt, bestowed on him a pair of asses’ ears. This gave rise to the term “Midas-eared” as a synonym

a stone. No′mius [Nomius]. A law-giver; one of the names of Apollo. This title was also given to Mercury for the part he t

acchus, because his festivals were celebrated by torchlight. Nymphs. This was a general name for a class of inferior female

g of Megara who was invisible by virtue of a particular lock of hair. This lock his daughter Scylla cut off, and so betrayed

ses a golden apple, on which was inscribed “Let the fairest take it.” This occasioned a great contention, for each thought h

clay men, and animate them with fire which he had stolen from heaven. This so displeased Jupiter that he sent him a box full

yr′acmon [Pyracmon], one of the chiefs of the Cyclopes. Pyr′amus and This ′be [Pyramus and Thisbe]. Two Babylonian lovers, t

rankincense, flour, salt, cakes, and fruit on the head of the victim. This was called the Immolation. The priest then took a

rom the head to the tail, and told the assistants to kill the animal. This was done directly, and the entrails of the victim

n the fire, and the rest of the animal was cut up, cooked, and eaten. This feast was celebrated with dancing, music, and hym

tter called after its author, Euhemerus (b.c. 316), the Euhemeristic. This explanation assumes that myths of the gods are ex

ous wanderings of Io represent the continual revolutions of the moon. This method of explanation rests upon the assumption t

, especially Professor Creuzer. (4) The Theological Interpretation. — This premises that mankind, either in general or throu

for the explanation of myth-making based upon the Theory of Progress. This is best stated by Mr. Andrew Lang 9, whose argume

igious traditions, or to explain it as reasonable by way of allegory. This method of research depends upon the science of mi

upon those of his tribesmen that were shrewdest and most influential. This mental condition of the myth-maker should be prem

blances between the myths of different nations are purely accidental. This theory leaves us no wiser than we were. (2) That

. (2) That the stories have been borrowed by one nation from another. This will account for exchange only between nations hi

ally from land to land, will be found to have originated in India 16. This theory fails to account for numerous stories curr

ng from the common facts of human thought, experience, and sentiment. This may be called the psychological theory. It was en

ve doubted whether the Homeric poems are the work of any single mind. This uncertainty arises, in part, from the difficulty

d have been handed down from age to age by means of the memory alone. This question is answered by the statement that there

armer was constrained to sow the seed, and the ox to draw the plough. This was a race of manly men, but insolent and impious

, for ages, preyed upon his liver, yet succeeded not in consuming it. This state of torment might have been brought to an en

where answers were given to those who inquired concerning the future. This oracular shrine was the most ancient in Greece. A

Delos alone consented to become the birthplace of the future deities. This isle was then floating and unstable; but on Laton

ren, or, at best, studded with futile bushes and pale-flowered weeds. This is the Garden of Proserpine. Fig. 26. Mercury

in Nature that is ours; We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon! This sea that bares her bosom to the moon; The winds t

Latona, a goddess of darkness, daughter of the Titans Cœus and Phœbe. This goddess became, as we have already seen, the moth

in the consequences of them, is illustrated by the fortunes of Ægina. This maiden, the daughter of Asopus, a river-god, attr

They forbade it to be slain, and spoke in these words: “We are gods. This inhospitable village shall pay the penalty of its

l dared to come into competition with the gray-eyed daughter of Jove. This was Arachne, a maiden who had attained such skill

asion, as vindictive as his fair foe, the unwearied daughter of Jove. This fact, not only Cadmus, who slew a serpent sacred

to him who should come for her in a chariot drawn by lions and boars. This task Admetus performed by the assistance of his d

nis, for a little while, and kiss me yet again, the lastest kiss! ... This kiss will I treasure, even as thyself, Adonis, si

ople sang her praises, and strewed her way with chaplets and flowers. This perversion of homage gave great offence to Venus,

the mountain. He is a monster whom neither gods nor men can resist.” This dreadful decree of the oracle filled the people w

uld rather thou shouldst love me as an equal than adore me as a god.” This reasoning somewhat quieted Psyche for a time. But

arcel by themselves, — and see that thou get it done before evening.” This said, Venus departed, and left the girl to her ta

nd crowned with roses. Seeing the task done, she promptly exclaimed, “ This is no work of thine, wicked one, but his, whom to

rose, Bid float that golden hair, And let her choose me, as I chose, This fairest of the fair! And then an altar in thy cou

his breast, and groaned aloud, And cried, “Be pitiful! forgive me yet This once and I shall never need it more!” “Alas!” the

ind that shakes, Fanned by the breeze, its fever-cooling fruit.”238 This nymph had scorned the offers of love made her by

of conscience, they marshalled to punishment the murderers of Ibycus. This poet, beloved of Apollo, was, while journeying to

vers, a youth beloved of the gods will, in time, appear and help him. This prophecy is fulfilled by Endymion, who aids in re

a purple lock of hair, upon which depended his fortune and his life. This lock his daughter clipped, and conveyed to Minos.

ragged his head to the ground, overthrew him, and rent one horn away. This trophy the Naiads consecrated, and filled with fl

ds about’ her ankles fine.273 Fig. 77. Medusa. [Relief: Müller.] This was Medusa. Her, while she was praying the gods t

ng from the Gorgon’s blood, found a master in Bellerophon of Corinth. This youth was of the Hellenic branch of the Greek nat

bject to his cousin Eurystheus and compelled to perform his commands. This humiliation, Juno, of course, had decreed. Euryst

t once a gift and a curse bestowed by Neptune upon Minos of Crete.282 This monster Hercules brought to Mycenæ. His eighth la

called because it lay in the west, under the rays of the setting sun. This description is thought to apply to Spain, of whic

condition that he should hold it only during the minority of the lad. This young Jason was, by the way, a second cousin of B

It remained only to lull to sleep the dragon that guarded the fleece. This was done by scattering over him a few drops of a

e not nor heaved up hand; and this man first, Plexippus, crying out, “ This for love’s sake, Sweet,” Drove at Meleager, who w

th King Æacus, to Hades, where the three became judges of the Shades. This is the Minos mentioned by Homer and Hesiod, — the

ormer in marriage to Tereus, king of Thrace (or of Daulis in Phocis). This ruler, after his wife had borne him a son Itys (o

ey brought him to Epidaurus, where dwelt Periphetes, a son of Vulcan. This ferocious savage always went armed with a club of

us. Most important was his slaughter of Procrustes, or the Stretcher. This giant had an iron bedstead, on which he used to t

t for the deserted daughter of Minos a happier fate was yet reserved. This island, on which she had been abandoned, was Naxo

yle the necklace of Harmonia, and thereby gained her to his interest. This was the self-same necklace that Vulcan had given

s fairest of her sex, was unfortunately the prize destined for Paris. This fair queen had in time past been sought by numero

litter, leaving two mantles and a robe for the covering of the body. This they placed on the litter, and spread the garment

d arrow,357 which, guided by Apollo, fatally wounded him in the heel. This was his only vulnerable spot; for Thetis having d

s Paris bethought him of one whom in his prosperity he had forgotten. This was the nymph Œnone, whom he had married when a y

ndra raving. [Wall painting: H. and. P.] Laocoön and the Serpents. — This language turned the tide of the people’s feelings

taff at the bosom fixed, Casting the whirling spindle as they walk. … This was of old, in no inglorious days, The mode of sp

h Ægisthus and Clytemnestra.371 Orestes pursued by the Furies. 372— This revolting act, the slaughter of a mother by her s

or that event to have a general washing of the clothes of the family. This was no slight affair, for the fountains were at s

alarm, and reminding them that the Phæacians had no enemies to fear. This man, she told them, was an unhappy wanderer, whom

the adventures which had befallen him since his departure from Troy. This narrative raised the sympathy and admiration of t

edge like a sinking star, Beyond the utmost bound of human thought. “ This is my son, mine own Telemachus, To whom I leave t

ave the sceptre and the isle — Well-loved of me, discerning to fulfil This labor, by slow prudence to make mild A rugged peo

ucted him to seek in the forest a tree on which grew a golden branch. This branch was to be plucked off and borne as a gift

ted took the form of the most excellent part, fire, and became flame. This material was scattered like seed among the heaven

nd soul has lasted, is the impurity contracted by the spiritual part. This impurity must be purged away after death, which i

and-grains in my hand.’ Unluckily I forgot to ask for enduring youth. This also he would have granted, could I have accepted

rings ceased they should be pressed by hunger to devour their tables. This portent now came true; for as they took their sca

lect number of her own sex, and ranged herself on the side of Turnus. This maiden had never accustomed her fingers to the di

on the third the entire form endowed with beauty, agility, and power. This new being was a god, Bori, from whom and his wife

nto the court or field and fight until they cut each other in pieces. This is their pastime; but when meal time comes, they

e of his feet lifted up, seeing which Thor made no further attempt. “ This trial has turned out,” said Utgard-Loki, “just as

ll no more be known, but the gods and men will live happily together. This twilight of the gods is aptly described in a conv

till Sinfiotli, the son of herself and Sigmund, was grown to manhood. This youth bore Sigmund company. For a season, as wolv

leipnir, he avenged upon the sons of Hunding the death of his father. This done, Sigurd rode to Glistenheath and slew Fafnir

uld marry no man save him who should surpass her in athletic contest. This condition Siegfried, wearing the Tarnkappe, a clo

er were probably written by a grammarian, Musæus, as late as 500 a.d. This poem contains admirable verses, and has a “pretty

d from chains by one of his descendants in the thirteenth generation. This deliverer was Hercules, son of Alcmene and Jupite

d Taylor’s Prince Deukalion; Milton, P. L. 11: 12. Interpretative. — This myth combines two stories of the origin of the He

goddess who caused people to know” (Science of Language, 1: 548-551). This is poor philology. Epithets applied to Athene are

ier wolf-cult) or the golden god of Light. (See Preller and Roscher.) This derivation is more probable than that from Lycia

iliar to many English people from Sir Frederick Leighton’s picture. This feast is believed to have symbolized the year. …

hey approached a certain long deep cleft in the side of the mountain. This was owing to a peculiar vapor arising out of the

he discoverer of the river which bears his name. Sisyphus, see § 175. This description of the plague is copied by Ovid from

have sprung up from the moistened earth (the harvest of armed men!). This kind of explanation, indiscriminately indulged, d

d on the tenth day after the massacre, by Jupiter and the other gods. This petrifaction of the onlookers may indicate the op

nta’s love was Milanion. The nuptial vow was ratified by Hera (Juno). This , the Bœotian, Atalanta is sometimes identified wi

sæus, a grammarian of Alexandria, who lived in the fifth century a.d. This author, in distinction from the mythical poet of

ses’ mountain Helicon, was opened by a kick from the hoof of Pegasus. This horse belongs to the Muses, and has from time imm

twined by a scroll that bore his motto, “Plus Ultra” (still farther). This device, imprinted upon the German dollar, has bee

t, save for Ion, a son of Apollo and Creiisa, daughter of Erechtheus. This son, having been removed at birth, was brought up

tival of Panathenæa, in honor of Minerva, the patron deity of Athens. This festival differed from the other Grecian games ch

ions of the Supreme, and there is a fourth emanation, the human soul. This is immortal, and when freed from the fetters of t

ficiently purified, it returns to the source from which it proceeded. This doctrine of the transmigration of souls (metempsy

e creation, meaning by it the just adaptation of parts to each other. This is the idea which Dryden expresses in the beginni

his song for St. Cecilia’s Day, “From harmony, from heavenly harmony, This everlasting frame began.” In the centre of the u

285, 290, 296, 297, 304; Com. §§ 52, 165 (1). Thialfi, 373, 376, 378. This ′be, 162; see under Pyramus, Com.§ 98. Thok, 385.

ng. Cypris, Cytherea, and the Paphian refer to Venus. See Commentary, This elegy is also translated by Mrs. Browning and by

d. Gr. Plastik, condemns the Ægis. 404. But see p. 415, § 34. 405. This dawn theory is certainly far-fetched. 406. Prono

to sprout. Ceres took care also to have the flowers always blooming. This she did because she had a fair young daughter, Pr

he goddess was near to despair, she came to the fountain of Arethusa. This fountain came up from the very bottom of the eart

th so light a heart that they never seem to have a care in the world. This was the case with Hercules. His troubles began ea

side himself with grief now, and was no longer able to keep silence. “ This is no time for merrymaking!” he cried. “It is Alc

,    Bid float that golden hair, And let her choose me, as I chose     This fairest of the fair! And then an altar in thy cou

s that she had. Finally he decided to compel her to give her consent. This , he thought, would he easy if she were without he

helmet and prepared to lie down to rest. But a new peril awaited him. This region belonged to the giant Atlas, who did not l

erson, however, who knew who he was — that was the enchantress Medea. This beautiful and terrible woman was living at the ro

one man said, “Let us haul it into the town and keep it as a trophy.” This plan pleased the people, but at that moment Laoco

s true they have gone to Greece, but they will return in a few weeks. This great wooden horse is an offering which they made

, for if you should drag it within your walls, Troy would never fall. This horse would be a new Palladium for you.” Just the

e the angry god again,    “Go; plead with chiefs in the council hall! This do I swear: it shall be vain.    Troy-town shall

but Polyphemus groped about the cave until he came to the door-stone. This he lifted away. Then he sat down with his arms ou

e Lotus-Eaters. “Courage!” he said, and pointed toward the land, “ This mounting wave will roll us shoreward soon.” In th

t all (Lilliput Lectures.) The Great Bear and the Little Bear This is a story about a woman whom you will all love.

little speckled creatures, when we hear them croaking in the marshes. This is the story of the unhappy mother, and of the me

    But I go on forever. Alfred Tennyson. Echo and Narcissus This is the story of a maiden who came to grief becaus

ld belong, he called, “Come!” whereupon Echo likewise called, “Come!” This was bewildering. He could see no one, and yet eve

he came to a grove in which a beautiful nymph, Daphne, was wandering. This was just what he wanted. He shot the arrow of lea

happy heart, crossed the dark River of Death into the realm of Hades. This time Charon gladly ferried him across, and the fi

ss you tell me exactly how to find the island on which Medusa lives.” This was a secret with which the sisters would not hav

one all who gazed at its horrid beauty. How Perseus Won a Wife This is the story of the happy rescue of Andromeda by

air. At length the people went to their temple to consult the oracle. This was an old custom among the people of long ago. I

ce, he seized a large stone and hurled it into the midst of his foes. This made them turn from Jason against one another, fo

riend Cyparissus, and how the sun god grieved when the poor boy died. This story is about another boy whom Apollo loved very